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Grade 3 - Science - Forces > Chapter 3 - Forces And Movement > Flashcards

Chapter 3 - Forces And Movement Flashcards

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1
Q

WHAT IS A FORCE?

A

A pull or a push

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2
Q

WHAT IS MOVEMENT?

A

Changing position or part of an object.

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2
Q

Forces are all around you. Can you see them?

A 
You cannot see them.
You can only see what they do.
They are everywhere.
They cause movement.
They can make things go slower or faster.
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3
Q

Name 4 forces.

A

Gravity
Muscular
Buoyancy
Friction

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4
Q

WHAT IS GRAVITY?

A

The pull of objects toward a planet.

PULLING FORCE.

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5
Q

EXAMPLES OF GRAVITY

A
  • an apple falling from a tree
  • a ball rolling down a hill
  • Taya walking on earth instead of floating
  • a child going down a slide
  • food sitting on a table
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6
Q

WHAT IS MUSCULAR FORCE?

A

The pull of muscles on bones that allows us to move in different directions.

MOVEMENT FORCE

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7
Q

EXAMPLES OF MUSCULAR FORCE

A
  • walking
  • lifting an object
  • bouncing a ball
  • riding your bike
  • dancing
  • typing on a computer
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8
Q

WHAT IS BUOYANCY?

A

Upward pushing force of water and other liquids on objects.
Example: Your body pushes down on the water and the water pushes up on you to keep you afloat.

PUSHING FORCE

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9
Q

EXAMPLES OF BUOYANCY

A
  • a boat floating
  • an apple floating in a bucket
  • a buoy in the lake floating
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10
Q

WHAT IS FRICTION?

A

The rubbing ,sliding and pushing of two objects against each other.

SLIDING FORCE

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11
Q

EXAMPLES OF FRICTION

A
  • walking (feet and floor)
  • rubbing your hands together
  • skiing (skis and snow)
  • ironing (clothes and iron)
  • driving a car or riding a bike (tires and road) - your tires are not smooth so that they can grip the surface better
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12
Q

FRICTION: Is there more or less friction on rough surfaces?

A

= more friction

Example: Driving on a dry road compared to a wet road.

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13
Q

FRICTION: Is there more or less friction on smooth surfaces?

A

= less friction

Example: slide

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14
Q

Why do we want to increase friction?

A

To make things less slippery and in some cases safer.

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15
Q

Why do we want to decrease friction?

A

Too much rubbing can wear out things.
To allows things to rotate easily.
Less energy is used.

16
Q

Do some situations have more than one force involved?

A

YES

17
Q

MULTIPLE FORCES AT WORK - EXAMPLES

A

Canoe moving in the water - buoyancy and friction and gravity.

18
Q

WHAT ARE 2 FORCES THAT CAN PUSH OR PULL?

A

MAGNETIC FORCE and STATIC FORCE

19
Q

WHAT IS A MAGNETIC FORCE?

A

The pull of some metal objects by a magnet OR the pushing away of two like poles.

Objects with same charge push away (REPEL).
Objects with different charges pull toward each other.

20
Q

WHAT IS A STATIC ELECTRIC FORCE?

A

A push or pull caused by a buildup of charged particles.

Objects with the same charge push away.
Objects with different charges pull toward each other.

21
Q

WHAT CAN A FORCE DO?

A
  • can make an object move faster
  • can make an object move slower
  • can change the direction that an object is moving in
  • can change the shape of an object
22
Q

What is DIRECTION?

A

Which way an object is moving.

It could be right, left, north, south, east, west, up, down, forwards, backwards, etc.

23
Q

WHY DO ENGINEERS DEVELOP SAFETY DEVICES?

A
  • moving objects want to keep moving unless a force acts on them
  • to slow things down or stop them from moving safety devices are used
24
Q

EXAMPLES OF SAFETY DEVICES

A

SEATBELT

  • when in a car, your body keeps moving with the car
  • if the car stops suddenly, your body will keep moving unless a force stops it
  • a seatbelt stops you from continuing to move forward
25
Q

OTHER SAFETY DEVICES

A
  • parachute
  • tying a boat to the dock with a rope
  • harness when climbing things
  • harness when bungee jumping
  • airbags
26
Q

What is SPEED?

A

How fast an object is going.

27
Q

Do we need contact?

A
  • Some forces act through direct contact with an object (Example: if a parachute wasn’t attached to a jumper, he would fall to the ground).
  • Some forces do not need contact to act (Example: the jumper from the plane has gravity acting on him to pull him to the ground with no contact at all.
28
Q

WHAT 3 FORCES NEED CONTACT:

A
  • muscular
  • friction
  • buoyancy
29
Q

WHAT 3 FORCES DO NOT NEED CONTACT:

A
  • magnetic
  • gravity
  • static electric
30
Q

NAME SOME FORCES IN NATURE AND HUMAN ENVIRONMENTS.

A
  • erosion
  • landslides
  • lightning
  • tidal waves
31
Q

FORCES IN NATURE: EROSION

What is erosion?

A
  • when gravity causes water to flow downwards

- the water moves soil and rocks

32
Q

How do humans speed up erosion?

A
  • cutting down trees
  • removing shrubs
  • removing plants
  • having too many animals on farmland
33
Q

What happens to soil when it is lost through erosion?

A
  • it pollutes rivers, lakes, and water systems
  • changes the land
  • changes our food supply
34
Q

Can erosion affect structures on the land?

A

Yes. Buildings can become unstable as the soil/sand is washed away.

35
Q

What is a landslide?

A

-when gravity causes large sections of land to slide downward across other land.

36
Q

How are landslides triggered? What causes them?

A
  • rain
  • floods
  • earthquakes
  • other natural events (e.g., hurricanes)
  • human activities (e.g., put in lawns, gardens, roads, houses)
37
Q

What are the negative (bad) effects of landslides?

A
  • flooding
  • pollute water
  • destroy trees and plants
  • moves rocks, vegetation which drastically changes the landscape
  • animals habitats are ruined
  • animals are killed
  • houses, roads (transportation), and utilities (hydro electricity/water supply) are destroyed

Grade 3 - Science - Forces (1 decks)

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