Chapter 3 Field Crop Weeds Flashcards
Completes life cycle in one year
Annual
Lives for more than 2 years
Perennial
Lives for only 2 years
Biennial
Types of Mechanical Weed Control
Rotary Hoeing
Cultivation
Mowing
Ways to diagnose herbicide resistant weed problems
- All other causes of herbicide failure have been eliminated
- Other weeds on the herbicide label (beside the one in question) were controlled effectively
- The field has history of continuous use of the same herbicide or herbicides with the same site of action
- Weed species were controlled effectively in the past with herbicide alone
Ways to Prevent Herbicide Resistance from Developing
- Alternations in the target site of herbicides
- Enhance metabolism of the herbicide
- Scout regularly to identify resistant weeds
- Rotate herbicides with different site of action
- Apply herbicides in tank-mixed, prepackaged or sequential mixtures that includes multiple site of action
- Combine mechanical control practices with herbicide treatments for a near total weed control program
Factors that Influence Drift
Temperature
Particle Drift
- Droplet size
- Height of fall
- Wind speed
Cell Mitosis Inhibitor
(Soil applied Herbicide)
Mode of action: Block cell division
Shoot Inhibitors
(Soil applied inhibitors)
Mode of action: affects cell growth and division though the specific sites of action are unknown
Pigment Inhibitors
(Soil applied herbicides)
Mode of action: inhibits the production of carotenoids and prevent chlorophyll production
Photosynthetic Inhibitors
(Soil applied Herbicides)
Mode of Action: Interferes with photosynthesis by blocking electron transfer, resulting in damage plant membranes and cell death
Hormone (auxin) types herbicides
(Soil and foliar applied)
Mode of Action: affects growth in the newest stems and leaves by affecting protein synthesis and normal cell division
ALS Enzyme Inhibitors
(Soil and foliar applied)
Mode of Action: Blocks normal function of the acetolactate synthase (ALS) enzyme inhibiting plant metabolism
ACC-ase Inhibitors
(foliar applied)
Mode of Action: blocks formation of lipids in he shoot (meristem) and roots of grass plants
Membrane Disrupters
(Foliar Applied)
Mode of Action: inhibition of chlorophyll biosynthesis and disruption of cell membranes
Photosynthetic Inhibitors
(Foliar applied)
Mode of action: Blocks the photosynthetic reaction and disrupts cell membranes so that capture light cannot be converted to chemical energy
Glyphosate Amino Acid Inhibition
(Foliar applied)
Mode of action: inhibits amino acid synthesis and results in cessation of protein development
Shoot Inhibitors
(Mode of action for common herbicides)
Dual II
Cell Mitosis Inhibitors
(Mode of action for common herbicides)
Prowl
Pigment Inhibitor
Command
Photosynthesis Inhibitor
Sencor
Hormone (auxin) types herbicides
Stinger (Clopyralid)
ALS Enzyme Inhibitors
Raptor (imazamox)
