Chapter 3: Fedralism

Question 1

The national and state government each have some degree of authority and autonomy

Answer 1

Sovereign power

Question 2

The power to enforce laws and provide for public safety.

Answer 2

Police powers

Question 3

Responsibilities for particular policy areas, such as transportation, that are shared by federal, state, and local governments

Answer 3

Concurrent powers

Question 4

A system in which the national, centralized government holds the ultimate authority. It is the common form of government in the world

Answer 4

Unitary government

Question 5

A form of government in which states hold power over a limited national government

Answer 5

Confederal system

Question 6

Organizations that seek to coordinate policy across member nations

Answer 6

Intergovernmental organizations

Question 7

Part of Article IV of the constitution requiring that each state’s laws be honored by the other states. For example, a legal marriage in one state must be recognized across state lines

Answer 7

Full faith and credit clause

Question 8

Part of Article IV or the constitution requiring that states must treat no state residents within their borders as they would treat their own residents. This was meant to promote commerce and travel between the States

Answer 8

Privileges and immunities clause

Question 9

The idea that if the national government passes an unconstitutional law, the people of the states (through their state legislatures) can declare the law void. The idea provided the basis for southern seccession and the civil war

Answer 9

Doctrine of interposition

Question 10

The idea that states are entitled to a certain amount of self-government, free of federal government intervention. This became a central issue in the period leading up to the civil war

Answer 10

States’ rights

Question 11

The form of federalism favored by Chief Justice Roger Taney in which the national and state governments are seen as distinct entities providing separate services. This model limits the power of the national government.

Answer 11

Dual federalism

Question 12

A form of federalism in which national and state governments work together to provide services efficiently. This form emerged in the late 1930’s, representing a profound shift toward less concrete boundaries of responsibilities in national-state relations

Answer 12

Cooperative Federalism

Question 13

A more refined and realistic form of cooperative federalism in which policy makers within a particular policy area work together across the levels of government.

Answer 13

Picket fence federalism

Question 14

A form of federalism in which federal funds are allocated to the lower levels of government through transfer payments or grants

Answer 14

Fiscal federalism

Question 15

Federal aid to state or local governments that is provided for a specific purpose, such as a mass transit program within the transportation budget or a school lunch program within the education budget

Answer 15

Categorical grants

Question 16

Federal aid to a state government to be spent within a certain policy area, but the state can decide how to spend the money within at area

Answer 16

Block grants

Question 17

A type of grant used in the 1970’s and 1980’s in which the federal government provided state governments with funds that could be spent at each state’s discretion. These grants gave states more control over programs

Answer 17

General revenue sharing(GRS)

Question 18

Federal laws that require the states to do certain things but do not provide state governments the funds to implement these policies.

Answer 18

Unfunded mandates

Question 19

A form of federalism in which the federal government pressures the states to change their policies by using regulations, mandates, and conditions ( often involving threats to withdraw federal funding)

Answer 19

Coercive federalism

Question 20

Impositions in national priorities on the states through national legislation that is based on the constitution’s supremacy clause.

Answer 20

Federal preemption

Question 21

A form of federalism in which the states compete to attract business and jobs through the policies they adopt

Answer 21

Competitive federalism

Question 22

National laws that address discriminatory state laws. Authority for such legislation comes from section 5 of the 14 amendment

Answer 22

Remedial legislation

Question 23

Based on the 11 amendment, immunity that prevents state governments from being sued in federal court by private parties unless the state consents to the suit.

Answer 23

States’ sovereign immunity

Question 24

The division of power across the local, state, and national governments

Answer 24

Fedralism