Chapter 3; Federalism: Forging a Nation

Question 1

Sovereignty

Answer 1

Supreme and final governing authority

Question 2

Unitary system

Answer 2

Sovereignty is vested solely in the national govt

Question 3

Confederacy

Answer 3

Type of govt that existed under the AOC, the states alone are sovereign

Question 4

Concurrent powers

Answer 4

1. Lend and borrow money
2. Taxation
3. Law enforcement
4. charter banks
5. transportation

Question 5

State powers

Answer 5

1. Education
2. Public safety
   Registration and voting

Question 6

Supremacy clause

Answer 6

National law would prevail above law of the states

Question 7

Necessary and proper clause or elastic clause

Answer 7

Gives Congress the power to make all laws that are necessary and proper for carrying into execution the enumerated powers.

Question 8

Implied powers

Answer 8

Powers that the national govt has, not listed in the Constitution but that are related to the exercise of listed powers.

Question 9

Reserved Powers

Answer 9

10th amendment or the state’s powers

Question 10

Nationalization

Answer 10

Gradual shift in power from the states to the national govt

Question 11

Intrastate commerce

Answer 11

Reserved for regulation by the states

Question 12

Interstate commerce

Answer 12

The national govt is empowered to regulate

Question 13

The Nationalist View: McCulloh v. Maryland

Answer 13

Marshall court ruled in favor of the national authority by implied powers

Question 14

Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)

Answer 14

Court asserted that Congress’s commerce power was not limited to trade between the states, but to all aspects of that trade, including transportation of goods

Question 15

The States’ Rights View: The Dred Scott Decision

Answer 15

The Supreme Court ruled that enslaved people were not citizens and could never become citizens, and therefore had no right to have their case head in federal court.

Question 16

Dual Federalism

Answer 16

A doctrine based on the idea that a precise separation of national and state authority was both possible and desirable.

Question 17

Laissez-Faire Capitalism (1865-1937)

Answer 17

Supreme Court blocked both the federal govt and the states from regulating business activity

Question 18

14th amend.

Answer 18

Intended to protect the former enslaved Blacks from discriminatory action by state govts. A state was prohibited from depriving

Question 19

“any person of life, liberty, or property without due process of law”

Answer 19

14th amend.

Question 20

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

Answer 20

“separate but equal”

Question 21

Brown V. Board of Edu (1954)

Answer 21

Invoking the 14th amend, it held that separate public facilities were inherently unequal

Question 22

In 1886, the Court decided that ____ were “persons” within the meaning of the 14th amend, and thereby were protected from substantial regulation by the states.

Answer 22

Corporations

Question 23

When the federal govt invoked the Sherman Antitrust Act, the Supreme Court claimed that interstate commerce covered only the _____ of goods, not their ___

Answer 23

1. Transportation 2. manufacture

Question 24

In Hammer v. Dagenhart (1918) and Lochner v. NY (1905)

Answer 24

The Court blocked both the federal law and states from regulating corporations, either by the 10th amend. or due to the factory owners’ property rights.

Question 25

The Rep Party in the 1920s

Answer 25

Ideologically committed to unregulate markets

Question 26

After the 1930s, dual federalism was no longer an accurate description of the _____ ____

Answer 26

American system

Question 27

Presi Lyndon Johnson’s Great Society of the 1960s

Answer 27

Dealt mostly with social welfare issues

Question 28

Cooperative federalism

Answer 28

The situation in which the nation, state, and local levels work together to solve problems.

Question 29

An example of cooperative federalism is…

Answer 29

The Medicaid program, funded by the national and state govt. States have the power to determine eligibility.

Question 30

Fiscal Federalism

Answer 30

Expenditure of federal funds on programs run through state and local govt.

Question 31

The federal govt provides in some or all of the money through _____ ( cash payments ) to states and localities, which then administer the programs.

Answer 31

grants-in-aid

Question 32

Federal grants to states and localities have increased ____ policy influence.

Answer 32

Washington’s

Question 33

The support for federal govt’s domestic policy declined after the 1960s because…

Answer 33

Some programs, especially those providing welfare benefits to the poor, were seen negatively bcs they were costly and benefits they didn’t needed.

Question 34

In 1981, Ronald Reagen proposed a New federalism in which…

Answer 34

Federal programs, regulations, and spending in policy areas traditionally reserved for the states would be reduced.

Question 35

Reagan slowed the expansion of the federal grants and saw some _____ grants converted to ___ grants to give states greater control over how the federal money was spent.

Answer 35

1. categorical ( designated projects )2. block ( general areas )

Question 36

Devolution

Answer 36

Large shift in power from the federal govt to state and local govts

Question 37

The Welfare Reform Act and TANF did…

Answer 37

tightened spending and eligibility and provided funds for states to develop training programs to move people off welfare and into jobs.

Question 38

The attacks of 9/11 during W. Bush presidency led to the creation of…

Answer 38

Department of Homeland Security (DHS)

Question 39

In 2010, Obama established the ______ ( ACA )

Answer 39

Affordable Care Act