Chapter 3: Federalism

Question 1

A system of government in which power is divided, by a constitution, between a central government and regional governments

Answer 1

Federalism

Question 2

A centralized government system in which lower levels of government have a little power independent of the national government

Answer 2

Unitary system

Question 3

Specific powers granted by the Constitution to Congress (Article l, Section 8) and the president (Article ll)

Answer 3

Expressed powers

Question 4

Powers derived from the necessary and proper clause of article 1, section 8, of the Constitution;

such powers are not specifically expressed but implied through the expansive interpretation of delegated powers

Answer 4

Implied powers

Question 5

Article 1, section 8, of the Constitution which provides Congress with authority to make laws necessary and proper to carry out its expressed powers

Answer 5

Necessary and proper clause

Question 6

Powers, derived from the 10th amendment to the constitution, that are not specifically delegated to the national government or denied to the states

Answer 6

Reserved powers

Question 7

Power reserved to the state government to regulate the health, safety, and morals of its citizens

Answer 7

Police power

Question 8

Authority possessed by both state and national governments, such as the power to levy taxes

Answer 8

Concurrent powers

Question 9

Article IV, Section 1, of the Constitution requiring that the states normally honor the public acts and judicial decisions that take place in another state

Answer 9

Full faith and credit clause

Question 10

Article IV, section 2, of the Constitution that a state cannot discriminate against someone from another state or give its own resident special privileges

Answer 10

Privileges and immunities clause

Question 11

Power delegated by the state to a local unit of government to manage its own affairs

Answer 11

Home rule

Question 12

The system of government that prevailed in the United States from 1789 to 1937 in which most fundamental governmental powers are shared between the federal and state governments

Answer 12

Dual Federalism

Question 13

Article 1, section 8, of the Constitution, which delegates to Congress the power “to regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several states and with Indian tribes”;

This clause was interpreted by the Supreme Court in favor of national power over the economy

Answer 13

Commerce clause

Question 14

The principle that states should oppose the increasing authority of the national government; this principle was most popular in the period before the Civil War

Answer 14

State’s rights

Question 15

Programs through which Congress provides money to state and local government’s on the condition that funds be employed for purposes defined by the federal government

Answer 15

Grants-in-aid

Question 16

Congressional grants given to states and localities on the condition that expenditures be limited to a problem or group specified by law

Answer 16

Categorical grants

Question 17

Grant programs in which state and local governments submit proposals to federal agencies and for which funding is provided on a competitive basis

Answer 17

Project grants

Question 18

Grants-in-aid in which a formula is used to determine the amount of federal funds a state or local government will receive

Answer 18

Formula grants

Question 19

A type of federalism existing since the New Deal era in which grants-in-aid have been used strategically to encourage states and localities (without commanding them) to pursue nationally defined goals

Answer 19

Cooperative federalism

Question 20

also known as intergovernmental corporation

Answer 20

Cooperative federalism

Question 21

A form of federalism in which Congress imposes legislation on state and localities, requiring them to meet national standards

Answer 21

Regulated federalism

Question 22

The principle that allows the national government to override state or local actions and certain policy areas;
in foreign policy, willingness to strike first in order to prevent an enemy attack

Answer 22

Preemption

Question 23

Regulations or conditions for receiving grants that impose costs on state and local governments for which they are not reimbursed by the federal government

Answer 23

Unfunded mandates

Question 24

A policy to remove a program from one level of government by delegating it or passing it down to a lower level of government, such as from the national government to the state and local governments

Answer 24

Devolution

Question 25

Federal grants-in-aid that allow states considerable discretion in how the funds are spent

Answer 25

Block grants

Question 26

Attempts by President Nixon and Reagan to return power to the states through block grants

Answer 26

New federalism

Question 27

The process by which one unit of government yields a portion of its tax income to another unit of government, according to an established formula;

revenue sharing typically involves the national government providing money to state governments

Answer 27

General revenue sharing

Question 28

Economic policies designed to control the economy through taxing and spending, with the goal of benefiting the poor

Answer 28

Redistributive programs