Chapter 3: Federalism

Question 1

The form of government that divide sovereign power across at least two levels – outlines the different powers through the different levels of government

Answer 1

Federalism

Question 2

Adding onto federalism, this means that each form of government (national, state, local) have their own sovereign and respective powers – authority and autonomy

Answer 2

Sovereign Power

Question 3

These are powers delegated to local and state governments where their concern is conducting elections and public safety (less of what the federal government deals with)

Answer 3

Police Powers

Question 4

Different sizes of government can have powers over the same things – they share the power to regulate things like transportation → shared powers between state, local, and government

Answer 4

Concurrent powers

Question 5

This is type of government is very common around the world, and holds national, centralized authority → ex: the british parliament created a Scottish branch of government to delegate power, but if things get out of hand, they have the full power to dissolve it

Answer 5

Unitary Government

Question 6

the opposite of a unitary government where the states have most of the power → similar to the type of government under the articles of confederation
Intergovernmental organizations

Answer 6

Confederal government

Question 7

This amendments reserves any powers not listed in the Constitution for the federal government to belong to the states and the people → this is interpreted by the Supreme Court as a way of protecting state’s rights and limiting the federal government’s reach over things like gun control, transportation, etc

Answer 7

Tenth Amendment

Question 8

this requires that each state’s law be honored by other states → for example, driver’s licenses are recognized all throughout the country, no matter the state

Answer 8

Full faith and credit clause

Question 9

This guarantees that if one were to be in another state, they would have the same privileges and immunities the citizens of that state have – an example for this is an individual going to another state to receive an abortion, reaping the same benefits of others in that state

Answer 9

Privileges and immunities clause

Question 10

This was the supreme court case that established that Congress has the power to create a bank through its enumerated powers – coin money, levy taxes, borrow money. It was asl established that this bank could not be taxed because of the national supremacy clause

Answer 10

McCulloch v Maryland

Question 11

This is sometimes used to support arguments of dual federalism – the idea that states retain some powers under the Constitution and can ignore federal policies that encroach on these powers. This was seen during the Southern States secession, claiming state’s rights, but really only wanted to be their own country so they can continue to own slaves

Answer 11

States’ rights

Question 12

This was also known as state power and was favored by the Democratic Republicans – it led the way of how John Marshall and Roger Taney presided over the Supreme Court

Answer 12

Dual federalism

Question 13

This is known as the “markable cake” as opposed to a “layered cake” model for dual federalism – suggest boundaries of state and national responsibilities that are less defined that they are under the actual dual federalism → allowed for more practical focus from the government to deal with the more complex problems of the 1930s and 1940s

Answer 13

Cooperative federalism

Question 14

This is a better description of cooperative federalism in action where each picket fence in a graph represents a different policy area and the horizontal boards that hold the pickets together represent the different levels of government → the cooperative federal system occurs within pickets of the fence

Answer 14

Picket fence federalism

Question 15

This is involved in some parts of cooperative federalism – the federal government provides some of the funds needed to sustain the state programs that deliver services to citizens

Answer 15

Fiscal federalism

Question 16

these grants are for specific purposes and have strings attached – money given to the states must be spent in the area outlined by the federal government

Answer 16

Categorical grants

Question 17

financial aid to states for use within a special policy area, but within that area, the states had discretion on how to spend the money → giving money to public schools, but the school districts decided on where to put that money within the school districts

Answer 17

Block grants

Question 18

A requirement by the federal government for states to comply with certain things and receive no federal money in return

Answer 18

Unfunded mandates

Question 19

This is an extreme version of fiscal federalism which entails federal mandates or conditions to force or entice the states to change their policies to match nationals goals or policies established by Congress

Answer 19

Coercive federalism

Question 20

occurs when the federal government passes a law that overrides state law or makes it impossible for a state to enact its own stature

Answer 20

Federal preemptions

Question 21

This is competition among states to provide the best policies to attract businesses and people that would bring them the most revenue and help maintain a healthy social fabric

Answer 21

Competitive federalism

Question 22

This was a supreme court case that favored Lopez and his idea that carrying a gun on campus was not a part of commerce that was to be regulated by Congress – established the Gun-Free School Zone Act was unconstitutional

Answer 22

United States v Lopez