Chapter 3 Exam Review Flashcards

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1
Q

Dwarfism

A

Hyposecretion of growth hormone

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2
Q

Gigantism

A

Hypersecretion, before growth plates close, of growth hormone

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3
Q

Acromegaly

A

Hypersecretion, after growth plates close, of growth hormone

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4
Q

Diabetes Type 1

A

Hyposecretion of insulin

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5
Q

Hashimoto Thyroiditis and Myxedema

A

Hyposecretion of T3 and T4

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6
Q

Grave Disease

A

Hypersecretion of T3 and T4

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7
Q

Cushing Syndrome

A

Hypersecretion of cortisol

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8
Q

Addison Disease

A

Hyposecretion of cortisol

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9
Q

acr/o

A

extremity, tip

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10
Q

aden/o

A

gland

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11
Q

adren/o

A

adrenal gland

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12
Q

adrenal/o

A

adrenal gland

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13
Q

-arche

A

beginning, first occurrence

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14
Q

cortic/o

A

outer surface

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15
Q

crin/o

A

secrete

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16
Q

cyst/o

A

bladder, sac

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17
Q

-emia

A

blood condition

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18
Q

gluc/o

A

sugar

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19
Q

glucos/oo

A

sugar

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20
Q

glyc/o

A

sugar

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21
Q

cerumin/o

A

ear wax

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22
Q

gonad/o

A

gonads

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23
Q

hormon/o

A

hormone, a chemical messenger or regulatory chemical

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24
Q

hyper-

A

excessive, above, increased

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25
Q

hypo-

A

insufficient, too little, below, decreased

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26
Q

hypophys/o

A

pituitary gland

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27
Q

kal/o

A

potassium

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28
Q

ket/o

A

ketone body

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29
Q

keton/o

A

ketone body

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30
Q

natr/o

A

sodium

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31
Q

neo-

A

new

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32
Q

pancreat/o

A

pancreas

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33
Q

para-

A

near, beside

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34
Q

pituitar/o

A

pituitary gland

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35
Q

-plasia

A

development, formation, growth

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36
Q

pseudo-

A

fake, false, not genuine

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37
Q

thel/o

A

nipple

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38
Q

thym/o

A

thymus

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39
Q

thyr/o

A

thryoid

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40
Q

thyroid/o

A

thyroid

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41
Q

-tropin

A

stimulating hormone

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42
Q

-uria

A

urine condition

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43
Q

acromegaly

A

abnormal enlargement of the extremities

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44
Q

adrenal virilism

A

excessive production of adrenal androgens causing development of male characteristics

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45
Q

amenorrhea

A

lack of menstrual flow

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46
Q

diabetes insipidus

A

a condition causing polyuria due to hyposecretion of or resistance to antidiuretic hormone

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47
Q

diabetes mellitus

A

metabolic disease characterized by excessive urination and hyperglycemia

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48
Q

diabetic ketoacidosis

A

acidity of the blood caused by the presence of ketone bodies produced when the body is unable to utilize sugar and thus, must burn fat for energy

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49
Q

dysmetabolic syndrome

A

combination of medical disorders associated with faulty metabolism

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50
Q

exophthalmos

A

protrusion of the eyes out of the eye socket

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51
Q

galactorrhea

A

discharge of milk

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52
Q

goiter

A

thyromegaly, enlargement of the thyroid gland, thyrocele

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53
Q

Grave’s disease

A

thyrotoxicosis, autoimmune hyperparathyroidism characterized y exophthalmos

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54
Q

gynecomastia

A

development of breast tissue in males

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55
Q

Hashimoto thyroiditis

A

autoimmune condition that attacks the thyroid gland. It is the number one cause of hypothyroidism in the United States

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56
Q

hirsutism

A

excessive growth of facial and body hair in women

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57
Q

insulinoma

A

tumor that secretes insulin (found in the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas)

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58
Q

menarche

A

beginning of first menstruation

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59
Q

myxedema

A

advanced hypothyroidism in adults causing edema (swelling) under the skin

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60
Q

pancreatic pseudocyst

A

abnormally expanded area in the pancreas resembling a cyst

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61
Q

pituitary dwarfism

A

abnormally short heigh cause by hyposecretion of growth hormone from the pituitary gland

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62
Q

pituitary gigantism

A

abnormally tall height cause by hypersecretion of growth hormone from the pituitary gland

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63
Q

pituitary infarction/pituitary apoplexy

A

death of pituitary gland tissue usually due to hemorrhaging and associated with a pituitary tumor

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64
Q

polydipsia

A

excessive thirst

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65
Q

polyphagia

A

excessive eating

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66
Q

thelarche

A

the beginning of breast development

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67
Q

continuous glucose monitor

A

a compact device that regularly monitors glucose levels in the blood

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68
Q

continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion

A

continuous injection of insulin into the blood from a pump worn by the patient

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69
Q

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

A

procedure used to examine the ducts of the pancreas and gall bladder in which an endoscope is passed backward from the digestive tract into the bile duct

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70
Q

glucosuria

A

Diagnostic finding of glucose in the urine. This is usually a sign of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus.

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71
Q

glycemic index

A

ranking of food based on the way it affects sugar levels in the blood

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72
Q

laparoscopic adrenalectomy

A

removal of an adrenal gland by means of a laparoscope (an instrument inserted into the abdomen for viewing)

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73
Q

radioactive iodine uptake test

A

imaging procedure that measures levels of radioactivity in the thyroid after administration of radioactive iodine either orally or intravenously

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74
Q

ACTH

A

adrenocorticotropic hormone

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75
Q

ADH

A

antidiuretic hormone

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76
Q

BG

A

blood glucose

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77
Q

BS

A

blood sugar

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78
Q

CSII

A

continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion

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79
Q

CGM

A

continuous glucose monitor

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80
Q

DI

A

diabetes insipidus

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81
Q

DM

A

diabetes mellitus

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82
Q

GDM

A

gestational diabetes mellitus

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83
Q

ERCP

A

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

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84
Q

FBS

A

fasting blood sugar

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85
Q

GH

A

growth hormone

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86
Q

GTT

A

glucose tolerance test

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87
Q

HgA1C

A

hemoglobin A1C test (used by diabetes patients to monitor blood sugar levels)

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88
Q

HRT

A

hormone replacement therapy

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89
Q

IDDM, T1

A

insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (type 1)

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90
Q

NIDDM, T2

A

noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus (type 2)

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91
Q

PTH

A

parathyroid hormone

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92
Q

RAIU

A

radioactive iodine uptake test

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93
Q

T3

A

triiodothyronine

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94
Q

T4

A

thyroxine (tetraiodothyronine)

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95
Q

TFT

A

thyroid function test

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96
Q

TSH

A

thyroid stimulating hormone (thyrotropin)

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97
Q

Neutrophil % of total WBC in bloodstream?

A

60-70%

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98
Q

Lymphocyte % of total WBC in bloodstream?

A

20-25%

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99
Q

Monocyte % of total WBC in bloodstream?

A

3-8%

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100
Q

Eosinophil % of total WBC in bloodstream?

A

2-4%

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101
Q

Basophil % of total WBC in bloodstream?

A

0.5-1%

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102
Q

ana-

A

up, towards, or against

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103
Q

angi/o

A

blood vessel

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104
Q

vascul/o

A

blood vessel

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105
Q

vas/o

A

blood vessel

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106
Q

apher/o

A

withdrawal

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107
Q

aort/o

A

aorta

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108
Q

arteri/o

A

artery

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109
Q

ather/o

A

plaque, fatty substance, narrowing

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110
Q

atri/o

A

atrium, upper chamber of the heart

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111
Q

brady-

A

slow

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112
Q

cardi/o

A

heart

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113
Q

coron/o

A

heart

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114
Q

-cardia

A

heart condition

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115
Q

cerebr/o

A

cerebrum

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116
Q

coagul/o

A

coagulation, clotting

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117
Q

cyan/o

A

blue

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118
Q

cyt/o

A

cells, increase in cells

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119
Q

-ectasis

A

a dilation or expansion

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120
Q

embol/o

A

blockage, obstruction, plug, embolus

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121
Q

-emia

A

blood condition

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122
Q

erythr/o red

A

-globin

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123
Q

hemat/o

A

blood

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124
Q

hem/o

A

blood

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125
Q

immun/o

A

immunity/immune

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126
Q

isch/o

A

hold back, block

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127
Q

leuk/o

A

white

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128
Q

lymph/o

A

lymphatic system/tissue

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129
Q

-lysis

A

separation, destruction, loosening

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130
Q

-megaly

A

enlargement

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131
Q

myel/o

A

muscle

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132
Q

my/o

A

muscle

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133
Q

-ole

A

small, minute

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134
Q

-ule

A

small, minute

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135
Q

-oma

A

tumor

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136
Q

path/o

A

disease

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137
Q

-pathy

A

disease

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138
Q

pector/o

A

chest

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139
Q

-penia

A

deficiency

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140
Q

perfus/o

A

blood flow

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141
Q

-phagia

A

swallowing, eating

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142
Q

-phil

A

love, affinity for

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143
Q

-phylaxis

A

protection

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144
Q

phleb/o

A

vein

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145
Q

ven/o

A

vein

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146
Q

-poiesis

A

blood formation

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147
Q

pulmon/o

A

lungs

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148
Q

-rrhage

A

excessive flow

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149
Q

-rrhaphy

A

suture

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150
Q

rrhythm/o

A

rhythm

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151
Q

scler/o

A

hardening

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152
Q

-scopy

A

process of looking

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153
Q

sept/o

A

septum

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154
Q

septic/o

A

infected, decay

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155
Q

-spasm

A

involuntary contraction

156
Q

splen/o

A

spleen

157
Q

-static

A

lack of movement

158
Q

tachy-

A

fast

159
Q

thromb/o

A

clot; thrombus- blood clot

160
Q

thym/o

A

thymus

161
Q

tonsil/o

A

tonsil

162
Q

valvul/o

A

valve

163
Q

varic/o

A

dilated vein

164
Q

vas/o

A

vessel

165
Q

ventricul/o

A

ventricle, lower chamber of the heart

166
Q

vol/o

A

volume

167
Q

AIDS

A

a disease in which there is a severe loss of the body’s cellular immunity greatly lowering the resistance to infection and malignancy

168
Q

anaphylaxis

A

life threatening immune response to foreign substance that causes rapid inflammation, vasodilation and bronchospasms

169
Q

aneurysm

A

widening and ballooning of the blood vessel, weakening of the blood vessel wall

170
Q

angina pectoris

A

chest pain

171
Q

anemia

A

pathological reduction of red blood cells characterized by patient weakness and fatigue

172
Q

aplastic (anemia)

A

red blood cells not being formed in sufficient quantities

173
Q

hemolytic (anemia)

A

destruction of red blood cells

174
Q

iron deficiency (anemia)

A

inadequate iron intake

175
Q

pernicious (anemia)

A

vitamin B deficiency affecting red blood cell production

176
Q

sickle cell( anemia)

A

misshaped red blood cells causing obstructions

177
Q

antibody

A

substance produced by body due to presence of an antigen

178
Q

antigen

A

substance that caused the body to produce antibioties

179
Q

aortic regurgitation

A

backflow of blood from the aorta into the heart; caused by weak heart valve

180
Q

atrial fibrillation

A

quivering or spontaneous contraction of the atrium

181
Q

atrial septal defect

A

flaw in the atrial septum

182
Q

autoimmune disease

A

disease caused by the immune system attacking healthy body tissue

183
Q

cardia arrest

A

cessation of circulation

184
Q

congestive cardiomyopathy

A

heart cavity unable to pump all blood out of it, heart wall becomes stretched causing weak/slow pumping of blood

185
Q

congestive heart failure

A

inability of heart chambers to pump and fill adequately resulting in a build up of fluid in the lungs and surround body tissues

186
Q

coronary artery bypass graft

A

borrowed piece of blood vessel to bypass narrowed or blocked coronary artery and improve blood supply to the heart

187
Q

coronary artery disease

A

an abnormal condition that may affect the heart’s coronary arteries and circulation which can cause damage to the heart tissue

188
Q

deep vein thrombosis

A

formation of blood clot located in the deeper veins of the body usually the lower extremity

189
Q

ecchymosis

A

discoloration of the skin caused by bruising

190
Q

embolus

A

any form of matter that begins to form in circulation (air bubble, blood clot, and/or plaques)

191
Q

Epstein-Barr virus

A

virus that causes mononucleosis

192
Q

hemophilia

A

inability for the blood to clot due to a hereditary lack of blood clotting factors

193
Q

hemorrhage

A

blood loss from a reuptured blood vessel

194
Q

Hodgkin lymphoma

A

a type of cancer affecting the lymphatic system involving uncontrolled growth of lymphocytes

195
Q

hypertension

A

abnormally high blood pressure

196
Q

Holter monitor

A

a small portable device worn by a patient during normal activity to obtain a record of cardiac arrhthmia

197
Q

human immunodeficiency virus

A

a virus that attacks the immune system and suppresses the immune response which then progresses to AIDS

198
Q

immunocompromised

A

having an impaired immune system that does not respond normally or completely to a pathogen or disease

199
Q

ischemia

A

reduced blood flow

200
Q

leukemia

A

cancer of the blood or bone marrow, characterized by an abnormal increase of white blood cells

201
Q

lymphedema

A

swelling caused by accumulation of lymph, usually in the extremities

202
Q

malaise

A

vague feeling of bodily discomfort which may be first indication of infection or disease

203
Q

measles

A

a viral infection causing a red, blotchy rash; can be fatal in small children

204
Q

mononucleosis

A

a disease caused by the Epstein-Barr virus, transmitted through saliva and characterized by fatigue, rash, and swollen glands

205
Q

mumps

A

a viral infection that affects the salivary glands

206
Q

murmur

A

abnormal heart sound due to inability of heart valves to close completely during contractions

207
Q

myocardial infarction

A

death of heart muscle tissues also known as a heart attack

208
Q

occlusion

A

closing or blockage of a package

209
Q

palpitation

A

an abnormal rapid or irregular beating of the heart

210
Q

pancytopenia

A

deficiency of all cellular components of the blood

211
Q

pericardial effusion

A

extra fluid collecting between the heart and pericardium, causing pressure on the heart

212
Q

petechiae

A

small bruising of the skin

213
Q

polycythemia

A

abnormal increase of red blood cells which risks clots

214
Q

pulmonary circulation

A

circulation of blood from heart to lungs

215
Q

rubella

A

a viral infection causing a distinctive red rash and fever

216
Q

rheumatic heart disease

A

a streptococcal infection that causes damage to the heart valves and heart muscle

217
Q

systemic circulation

A

circulation of blood from heart to entire body

218
Q

ventricular septal defect

A

flaw in the septum between the ventricles

219
Q

anastomosis

A

surgical procedure that connects multiple blood vessels

220
Q

angioplasty

A

surgical repair or unblocking of a blood vessel, especially with the coronary artery

221
Q

antianginal

A

medication used to relieve chest pain, treats angina pectoris symptoms

222
Q

blood pressure

A

force exerted by blood on the wall of blood vessels

223
Q

bruit

A

a soft-blowing sound caused by turbulent blood flow

224
Q

cardiac catheterization

A

procedure to examinate or treat heart condition using a tube (catheter) inserted artery or vein in arm neck or groin that leads to the heart

225
Q

cardiopulmonary bypass

A

procedure that temporary circulate or oxygenates a patient’s blood during open heart surgery

226
Q

cardiopulmonary resuscitation

A

basic life support (CPR)

227
Q

cardiotonic

A

medication that increases the strength of the heart contractions

228
Q

cardioversion

A

returning the heart to normal cardiac rhythm by delivering a brief electrical discharge across the chest

229
Q

coronary circulation

A

circulation of blood from the heart to itself via the coronary arteries

230
Q

diastolic pressure

A

pressure exerted on blood pressure when the heart is relaxed

231
Q

stress electrocardiogram

A

image of the heart produced by soundwaves while a patient increases physical stress during exercise

232
Q

hematocrit

A

test to separate blood to determine the ration of red blood cells to blood plasma

233
Q

hematopoiesis

A

production of blood cells with bone marrow

234
Q

hemoglobin

A

iron and protein structure found within red blood cells that bind to oxygen molecules and give the cell a red pigment

235
Q

percutaneous coronary intervention

A

alternative treatment for coronary artery that passes instruments up a apatients blood vessel into the heart, also known as an angioplasty

236
Q

sclerotherapy

A

chemical injection into varicose vein that cause inflammation and forms a fibrous tissue which closes the vein

237
Q

phygmomanometer

A

equipment used to measure blood pressure

238
Q

systeloic pressure

A

pressure exerted on blood vessels when the heart is contracted

239
Q

transfusion

A

infusion of blood from another source into a patient

240
Q

troponin 1 test

A

a blood test that measures a protein that is released into the blood by damaged heart muscle

241
Q

vasoconstrictor

A

drug that narrows the diameter of a blood vessel; increases blood pressure

242
Q

vasopressor

A

drug that narrows the diameter of a blood vessel; increases blood pressure

243
Q

vasodilator

A

drug that causes an expansion of a blood vessel; decreases blood pressure

244
Q

AA

A

abdominal aortic aneurysm

245
Q

A-Fib

A

atrial fibrillation

246
Q

AV

A

atrioventricular

247
Q

AIDS

A

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

248
Q

AED

A

automatic external defibrillator

249
Q

ALL

A

acute lymphobastic leukemia

250
Q

AML

A

acute myeloid leukemia

251
Q

ASD

A

atrial septal defect

252
Q

BMT

A

bone marrow transplant

253
Q

BP

A

blood pressure

254
Q

CA

A

cardiac arrest

255
Q

CABG

A

coronary artery bypass graft

256
Q

CAD

A

coronary artery disease

257
Q

CBC

A

complete blood count

258
Q

CC

A

cardiac catheterization

259
Q

CHF

A

congestive heart failure

260
Q

CML

A

chronic myeloid leukemia

261
Q

CO

A

cardia output

262
Q

DVT

A

deep vein thrombosis

263
Q

ECHO

A

echocardiogram

264
Q

EKG

A

electrocardiogram

265
Q

ECG

A

electrocardiogram

266
Q

Hct

A

hematocrit

267
Q

Hgb

A

hemoglobin

268
Q

HIV

A

human immunodeficiency virus

269
Q

HR

A

heart rate

270
Q

IVIG

A

intravenous immunoglobin

271
Q

IVC

A

inferior vena ceva

272
Q

IVS

A

interventricular septum

273
Q

LA

A

left atrium

274
Q

LV

A

left ventricle

275
Q

MI

A

myocardial infarction

276
Q

MVP

A

mitral valve prolapse

277
Q

NSR

A

normal sinus rhythm

278
Q

PCI

A

percutaneous coronary intervention

279
Q

PLT

A

platelet count

280
Q

RA

A

right atrium

281
Q

RBC

A

red blood cell

282
Q

RV

A

right ventricle

283
Q

SA

A

sinoatrial

284
Q

SV

A

stroke volume

285
Q

SVC

A

superior vena cava

286
Q

TEE

A

transesophageal echocardiogram

287
Q

VSD

A

ventricular septral defect

288
Q

WBC

A

white blood cell

289
Q

adenoid/o

A

adenoid

290
Q

alveol/o

A

aveolus

291
Q

bronch/o

A

bronchus

292
Q

bronchi/o

A

bronchus

293
Q

bronchiol/o

A

bronchiole

294
Q

capn/o

A

carbon dioxide

295
Q

carb/o

A

carbon dioxide

296
Q

laryng/o

A

larynx (voice box)

297
Q

lob/o

A

lobe

298
Q

muc/o

A

mucus

299
Q

nas/o

A

nose

300
Q

rhin/o

A

nose

301
Q

orth/o

A

upright , straight

302
Q

ox/o

A

oxygen

303
Q

palat/o

A

palate

304
Q

pector/o

A

chest

305
Q

pharyng/o

A

pharynx (throat)

306
Q

phon/o

A

voice, sound

307
Q

phren/o

A

diagphram

308
Q

pleur/o

A

pleura

309
Q

-pnea

A

breathing

310
Q

pneum/o

A

air or lungs

311
Q

pneumat/o

A

air or lungs

312
Q

pneumon/o

A

air or lungs

313
Q

-ptysis

A

coughing up, spitting

314
Q

pulmon/o

A

lungs

315
Q

sept/o

A

septum wall

316
Q

sin/o

A

sinus

317
Q

sinus/o

A

sinus

318
Q

spir/o

A

breathing

319
Q

-stomy

A

creating of a hole

320
Q

thorac/o

A

chest

321
Q

-tomy

A

incision

322
Q

tonsill/o

A

tonsil

323
Q

trache/o

A

trachea (windpipe)

324
Q

asthma

A

a disease cause by episodic narrowing and inflammation of the airway

325
Q

atelectasis

A

incomplete expansion

326
Q

caseous necrosis

A

the death of tissue with a cheeselike appearance

327
Q

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

A

a lung disease caused by the continual blockage of lung passages

328
Q

emphysema

A

a disease that causes the alveoli to lose elasticity and break down causing difficulty with exhalation

329
Q

empyema

A

pus inside (the chest)

330
Q

epistaxis

A

nosebleed

331
Q

exhalation

A

the action of breathing out

332
Q

expectoration

A

coughing or spitting material out of the lungs

333
Q

hemoptysis

A

coughing up blood

334
Q

inhalation

A

the action of breathing in

335
Q

pectus carinatum

A

a chest that protrudes

336
Q

pectus excavatum

A

a chest that is hollowed out

337
Q

pertussis

A

contagious bacterial respiratory disease, commonly known as whooping cough

338
Q

pleural effusion

A

fluid in the pleural cavity (surrounding the lungs)

339
Q

pleurisy

A

inflammation of the pleura, pleuritis

340
Q

pneumoconiosis

A

a lung condition caused by the inhalation of particulates

341
Q

bronchospasm

A

involuntary contractions of the bronchi

342
Q

dysphonia

A

hoarseness, abnormal voice

343
Q

restrictive lung disorder

A

a lung condition involving a decreased volume of air the lungs are able to hold

344
Q

rhinorrhea

A

runny nose

345
Q

sputum

A

mucus

346
Q

tuberculosis

A

a life-threatening bacterial disease that attacks the lungs

347
Q

tubercle

A

a small nodular lesion, characteristic of TB

348
Q

antitussive

A

a drug that prevents coughing

349
Q

arterial blood gas

A

a measurement of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and pH levels in the blood

350
Q

auscultation

A

listening to heart, lung, or bowel sounds through a stethoscope

351
Q

bronchodilator

A

a drug that expands the walls of the bronchi

352
Q

cardiopulmonary resuscitation

A

a method of artificially maintaining blood flow and airflow when breathing and pulse have stopped

353
Q

computed tomography

A

an imaging technique utilizing x-rays and a computer to view slices of a patient’s body. The slices can also be put together to make a 3-dimensional image

354
Q

expectorant

A

a drug that encourages that epulsion of material from the lungs

355
Q

nebulizer

A

a machine that aerosolizes a liquid medication for inhalation

356
Q

percussion

A

tapping on the body surface to cause vibrations or dislodge mucus

357
Q

pulmonary function testing

A

a group of tests used to evaluate the condition of the lungs

358
Q

pulse oximete

A

a device placed on the fingertip to measure oxygen levels in the blood

359
Q

ventilation

A

a scan that tests whether a problem in the lungs is caused by ventilation (airflow) or perfusion (blood flow)

360
Q

ABG

A

arterial blood gas

361
Q

ARDS

A

adult respiratory distress syndrome

362
Q

BiPAP

A

bi-level positive airway pressure

363
Q

BPD

A

bronchopulmonary dysplasia

364
Q

BS

A

breath sounds

365
Q

Bx

A

biopsy

366
Q

CF

A

cystic fibrosis, a genetic disorder affecting the lungs and digestive system

367
Q

CO2

A

carbon dioxide

368
Q

COPD

A

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

369
Q

CPAP

A

continuous positive airways pressure, treatment for sleep apnea

370
Q

CPR

A

cardiopulmonary resuscitation

371
Q

CXR

A

chest x-ray

372
Q

PT

A

diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus

373
Q

ET

A

endotracheal

374
Q

ETT

A

endotracheal tube

375
Q

IRDS

A

infant respiratory distress syndrome

376
Q

LTB

A

laryngotracheobronchitis

377
Q

O2

A

oxygen

378
Q

OSA

A

obstructive sleep apnea

379
Q

PE

A

pulmonary embolism

380
Q

PFT

A

pulmonary fuction test

381
Q

PSG

A

polysomnography

382
Q

SIDS

A

sudden infant death syndrome

383
Q

SOB

A

shortness of breath

384
Q

T&A

A

tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy

385
Q

TB

A

tuberculosis

386
Q

URI

A

upper respiratory infection

387
Q

V/Q

A

ventilation-perfusion ratio