Chapter 3 Exam Review Flashcards
Dwarfism
Hyposecretion of growth hormone
Gigantism
Hypersecretion, before growth plates close, of growth hormone
Acromegaly
Hypersecretion, after growth plates close, of growth hormone
Diabetes Type 1
Hyposecretion of insulin
Hashimoto Thyroiditis and Myxedema
Hyposecretion of T3 and T4
Grave Disease
Hypersecretion of T3 and T4
Cushing Syndrome
Hypersecretion of cortisol
Addison Disease
Hyposecretion of cortisol
acr/o
extremity, tip
aden/o
gland
adren/o
adrenal gland
adrenal/o
adrenal gland
-arche
beginning, first occurrence
cortic/o
outer surface
crin/o
secrete
cyst/o
bladder, sac
-emia
blood condition
gluc/o
sugar
glucos/oo
sugar
glyc/o
sugar
cerumin/o
ear wax
gonad/o
gonads
hormon/o
hormone, a chemical messenger or regulatory chemical
hyper-
excessive, above, increased
hypo-
insufficient, too little, below, decreased
hypophys/o
pituitary gland
kal/o
potassium
ket/o
ketone body
keton/o
ketone body
natr/o
sodium
neo-
new
pancreat/o
pancreas
para-
near, beside
pituitar/o
pituitary gland
-plasia
development, formation, growth
pseudo-
fake, false, not genuine
thel/o
nipple
thym/o
thymus
thyr/o
thryoid
thyroid/o
thyroid
-tropin
stimulating hormone
-uria
urine condition
acromegaly
abnormal enlargement of the extremities
adrenal virilism
excessive production of adrenal androgens causing development of male characteristics
amenorrhea
lack of menstrual flow
diabetes insipidus
a condition causing polyuria due to hyposecretion of or resistance to antidiuretic hormone
diabetes mellitus
metabolic disease characterized by excessive urination and hyperglycemia
diabetic ketoacidosis
acidity of the blood caused by the presence of ketone bodies produced when the body is unable to utilize sugar and thus, must burn fat for energy
dysmetabolic syndrome
combination of medical disorders associated with faulty metabolism
exophthalmos
protrusion of the eyes out of the eye socket
galactorrhea
discharge of milk
goiter
thyromegaly, enlargement of the thyroid gland, thyrocele
Grave’s disease
thyrotoxicosis, autoimmune hyperparathyroidism characterized y exophthalmos
gynecomastia
development of breast tissue in males
Hashimoto thyroiditis
autoimmune condition that attacks the thyroid gland. It is the number one cause of hypothyroidism in the United States
hirsutism
excessive growth of facial and body hair in women
insulinoma
tumor that secretes insulin (found in the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas)
menarche
beginning of first menstruation
myxedema
advanced hypothyroidism in adults causing edema (swelling) under the skin
pancreatic pseudocyst
abnormally expanded area in the pancreas resembling a cyst
pituitary dwarfism
abnormally short heigh cause by hyposecretion of growth hormone from the pituitary gland
pituitary gigantism
abnormally tall height cause by hypersecretion of growth hormone from the pituitary gland
pituitary infarction/pituitary apoplexy
death of pituitary gland tissue usually due to hemorrhaging and associated with a pituitary tumor
polydipsia
excessive thirst
polyphagia
excessive eating
thelarche
the beginning of breast development
continuous glucose monitor
a compact device that regularly monitors glucose levels in the blood
continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion
continuous injection of insulin into the blood from a pump worn by the patient
endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
procedure used to examine the ducts of the pancreas and gall bladder in which an endoscope is passed backward from the digestive tract into the bile duct
glucosuria
Diagnostic finding of glucose in the urine. This is usually a sign of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus.
glycemic index
ranking of food based on the way it affects sugar levels in the blood
laparoscopic adrenalectomy
removal of an adrenal gland by means of a laparoscope (an instrument inserted into the abdomen for viewing)
radioactive iodine uptake test
imaging procedure that measures levels of radioactivity in the thyroid after administration of radioactive iodine either orally or intravenously
ACTH
adrenocorticotropic hormone
ADH
antidiuretic hormone
BG
blood glucose
BS
blood sugar
CSII
continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion
CGM
continuous glucose monitor
DI
diabetes insipidus
DM
diabetes mellitus
GDM
gestational diabetes mellitus
ERCP
endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
FBS
fasting blood sugar
GH
growth hormone
GTT
glucose tolerance test
HgA1C
hemoglobin A1C test (used by diabetes patients to monitor blood sugar levels)
HRT
hormone replacement therapy
IDDM, T1
insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (type 1)
NIDDM, T2
noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus (type 2)
PTH
parathyroid hormone
RAIU
radioactive iodine uptake test
T3
triiodothyronine
T4
thyroxine (tetraiodothyronine)
TFT
thyroid function test
TSH
thyroid stimulating hormone (thyrotropin)
Neutrophil % of total WBC in bloodstream?
60-70%
Lymphocyte % of total WBC in bloodstream?
20-25%
Monocyte % of total WBC in bloodstream?
3-8%
Eosinophil % of total WBC in bloodstream?
2-4%
Basophil % of total WBC in bloodstream?
0.5-1%
ana-
up, towards, or against
angi/o
blood vessel
vascul/o
blood vessel
vas/o
blood vessel
apher/o
withdrawal
aort/o
aorta
arteri/o
artery
ather/o
plaque, fatty substance, narrowing
atri/o
atrium, upper chamber of the heart
brady-
slow
cardi/o
heart
coron/o
heart
-cardia
heart condition
cerebr/o
cerebrum
coagul/o
coagulation, clotting
cyan/o
blue
cyt/o
cells, increase in cells
-ectasis
a dilation or expansion
embol/o
blockage, obstruction, plug, embolus
-emia
blood condition
erythr/o red
-globin
hemat/o
blood
hem/o
blood
immun/o
immunity/immune
isch/o
hold back, block
leuk/o
white
lymph/o
lymphatic system/tissue
-lysis
separation, destruction, loosening
-megaly
enlargement
myel/o
muscle
my/o
muscle
-ole
small, minute
-ule
small, minute
-oma
tumor
path/o
disease
-pathy
disease
pector/o
chest
-penia
deficiency
perfus/o
blood flow
-phagia
swallowing, eating
-phil
love, affinity for
-phylaxis
protection
phleb/o
vein
ven/o
vein
-poiesis
blood formation
pulmon/o
lungs
-rrhage
excessive flow
-rrhaphy
suture
rrhythm/o
rhythm
scler/o
hardening
-scopy
process of looking
sept/o
septum
septic/o
infected, decay