Chapter 3 - Energy & Enzymes

Question 1

energy

Answer 1

The capacity to do work.

Question 2

kinetic energy

Answer 2

The energy of motion.

Question 3

potential energy

Answer 3

Stored energy.

Question 4

entropy

Answer 4

Disorder, in thermodynamics.

Question 5

enthalpy

Answer 5

Potential energy in a system.

Question 6

endothermic

Answer 6

Refers to reactions that absorb energy.

Question 7

exothermic

Answer 7

refers to processes that release energy.

Question 8

spontaneous reactions

Answer 8

Chemical or physical reaction that occurs without outside help.

Question 9

exergonic reactions

Answer 9

Reaction that has a negative ΔG because it releases free energy.

Question 10

endergonic reactions

Answer 10

Reaction that can proceed only if free energy is supplied.

Question 11

activation energy

Answer 11

The initial input of energy required to start a reaction.

Question 12

transition state

Answer 12

An intermediate arrangement of atoms and bonds that both the reactants and the products of a reaction can assume.

Question 13

enzymes

Answer 13

Protein that accelerates the rate of a cellular reaction.

Question 14

catalyst

Answer 14

Substance with the ability to accelerate a spontaneous reaction without being changed by the reaction.

Question 15

active site

Answer 15

The region of an enzyme that recognizes and combines with a substrate molecule.

Question 16

cofactors

Answer 16

An inorganic or organic nonprotein group that is necessary for catalysis to take place.

Question 17

competitive enzyme inhibition

Answer 17

Inhibition of an enzyme reaction by an inhibitor molecule that resembles the normal substrate closely enough that it fits into the active site of the enzyme.

Question 18

negative feedback inhibition

Answer 18

The primary mechanism of homeostasis, in which a stimulus—a change in the external or internal environment—triggers a response that compensates for the environmental change.

a reaction that causes a decrease in function

Question 19

positive feedback inhibition

Answer 19

A mechanism that intensifies or adds to a change in internal or external environmental condition.

Question 20

positive feedback inhibition

Answer 20

A mechanism that intensifies or adds to a change in internal or external environmental condition.

Question 21

first law of thermodynamics

Answer 21

principle that energy can be transferred and transformed but cannot be created or destroyed

Question 22

second law of thermodynamics

Answer 22

Principle that for any process in which a system changes from an initial to a final state, the total disorder of the system and its surroundings always increases.

Question 23

anabolic pathways

Answer 23

Type of metabolic pathway in which energy is consumed to build complicated molecules from simpler ones; often called a biosynthetic pathway.

Question 24

catabolic pathways

Answer 24

Type of metabolic pathway in which energy is released by the breakdown of complex molecules to simpler compounds.

Question 25

five factors thats affect enzyme activity

Answer 25

1. temperature
2. pH
3. enzyme concentration
4. substrate concentration
5. presence of inhibitors/activators