Chapter 3 Emergency procedures Flashcards
What is the definitions of Emergency Procedure?
- Land Immediately: land on the nearest clear area.
- Land as soon as practical: landing site at pilots discretion.
What can cause a power failure?
-Can be caused by - engine: maybe indicated by change noise, nose left yaw, an oil pressure light, or decreasing rpms.
- drive system failure: maybe caused by unusual noise or vibration, nose right or left, or decreasing rotor rpms while engine rpms increasing.
Both: low rpm horn
What do you do in a power failure?
Immediately lower collective is lowered at high speed.
Caution: aft cyclic is required when collective is lowers at high speed.
Caution: do not apply aft cyclic during touchdown or ground slide to prevent possible blade strike to tailcone
Power failure above 500 ft AGL?
1/ Lower collective immediately maintain rotor rpm 2/ steady glide 65 kIAS 3/ adjust collective between 97% and 110% or full down if can’t achieve 97% 4/ landing spot if can in wind 5/ restart pilot discretion 6/ if no start turn off fuel and unnecessary switches off 7/ @ 40ft AGL cyclic flare to reduce descent and forward speed 8/ @ 8 ft AGL apply forward cyclic to level raise collective right before touchdown
Power failure between 8 ft and 500 ft AGL?
Lower collective immediately maintain rotor rpm 1/ adjust collective rpm 97% and 110% or full down if can’t achieve above 97% 2/ maintain airspeed until ground is approached begin cyclic flare 3/ 8 ft AGL apply forward cyclic just before touchdown in level attitude
Power failure between 8 ft and 500 ft AGL?
1/ Lower collective immediately maintain rotor rpm 2/ adjust collective rpm 97% and 110% or full down if can’t achieve above 97% 3/ maintain airspeed until ground is approached begin cyclic flare 3/ 8 ft AGL apply forward cyclic just before touchdown in level attitude
Maximum glide distance configuration?
Airspeed approximately 75 KIAS
Rotor rpm approximately 90%
Best glide ratio is about 4:1 or 1 NM per 1500 ft AGL
Air restart procedure?
Mixture - full rich
primer - down and locked (if installed)
throttle - closed, then cracked slightly
acutate starter with left hand
Caution: don’t attempt restart if engine malfunction is suspected or before safe autorotation is established
emergency water landing - power off?
1/ follow same procedures as for power failure over land until contacting water, if permitted unlatch doors 2/ apply lateral cyclic when contact water to stop rotors 3/release seat belt and quickly clear aircraft when rotors stop
emergency water landing - power on?
1/ descend to hover above water 2/ unlatch doors 3/ passengers exit aircraft 4/ fly safe distance 5/ switch battery and alternator off 6/ roll throttle off into overtravel spring 7/ level and apply full collective when contacting water 8/ apply lateral cyclic to stop rotors 9/ release seat belt and quickly clear aircraft when rotors stop
loss of tail rotor thrust during forward flight? - how can I tell
Failure is usually indicated by nose right yaw which cannot be corrected by applying left pedal
1/ immediately enter autorotation 2/ maintain at least 70 KIAS if practical 3/ select landing site, roll throttle off into OT spring and perform auto landing
note: fin provides limited control above 70 but when below enter auto
loss of tail rotor thrust during hover? - how to tell
failure is usually indicated by nose right yaw which cannot be stopped by applying left pedal
1/ immediately roll throttle off into OT spring and aircraft to settle 2/ raise collective just before touchdown to cushion landing
engine fire during start on ground?
1/ Cranking - continue to start 2/ if engine starts run 50-60% rpm short time then shut down inspect for damage 3/ if engine fails to start shut off fuel and master battery 4/ extinguish fire with fire extinguisher, wool blanket or dirt –inspect for damage
fire in flight?
1/ enter auto 2/ if time permits turn off: master battery switch off, cabin heat off and cabin vent on 3/ if engine is running perform normal landing and immediately shut off fuel valve 4/ if engine stops shut off fuel valve and execute auto landing as described on pg 3-1 and 3-2
electrical fire in flight?
1/ master battery switch off 2/ alt switch off 3/ land immediately 4/ extinguish fire and inspect for damage
caution: low rpm waring system and governor are inop with both mastery and alt switch off
tachometer failure?
use remaining tach to monitor rpm, if not clear which or both are malfunctioned allow governor to control rpm and land as soon as practical
note: special wire to tach if master batteries are off
governor failure
grip throttle firmly to override then switch governor off / complete flight using manual throttle control
if light has excess glare at night what to do?
Note: bulb maybe unscrewed or circuit breaker pulled
MR temp light?
indicates excessive temperature of main rotor gearbox
note: if light is accompanied with noise, vibration or temperature rise land immediately if not land as soon as practical
MR chip light?
indicates metallic particles in main rotor gearbox
note: if light is accompanied with noise, vibration or temperature rise land immediately if not land as soon as practical / break-in fuzz if no metal chips or silver clean reinstall new oil hover at least 30 minutes. if chip light still on replace gearbox
TR chip?
indicates metallic particles in tail rotor gearbox
note: if light is accompanied with noise, vibration or temperature rise land immediately if not land as soon as practical / break-in fuzz if no metal chips or silver clean reinstall new oil hover at least 30 minutes. if chip light still on replace gearbox
low fuel?
indicates approx. one gallon of usable fuel all aluminum tanks and 1.5 for bladders / 5 minutes cruise power all-aluminum tanks and 10 minutes for bladder
caution: don’t use low fuel caution light as indication of fuel quantity
clutch?
indicates clutch actuator circuit is on, never take off before light goes out
note: might come on during run up or flight. if it flickers thats ok but if on more then 10 minutes pull clutch circuit breaker and land as soon as practical or if other indications of drive failure land immediately
alt?
indicates low voltage and possible alt failure 1/ turn off nonessential electrical equipment 2/ switch alt off then back on after one second to reset over voltage relay 3/ if light stays on land as soon as practical…. may cause loss in tach
brake?
indicates rotor brake is engaged 1/ release immediately in flight or before run-up
start-on?
indicates starter motor is engaged 1/ if light doesn’t go out immediately pull mixture off and turn battery switch off. service starter
GOV-OFF?
indicates engine rpm throttle governor is off
carbon monoxide?
indicates elevated levels of carbon monoxide 1/ shut off heater and open nose and door vent 2/ if hovering land or transition forward if symptoms headache, drowsiness or dizziness land immediately
low rpm horn & caution light?
a horn and an illuminated caution light indicate rotor rpm may be below safe limits. 1/ immediately roll throttle off, lower collective and in forward flight, apply aft cyclic / or and caution light are disabled when collective is full down
what do to when Right roll in low “G” condition?
1/ gradually apply aft cyclic to restore +”G” forces and main rotor thrust //// don’t apply lateral cyclic until +”G” forces have been established
uncommanded pitch, roll or yaw resulting from flight in turbulence?
Gradually apply controls to maintain rotor rpm +”G” forces //// don’t apply lateral cyclic until +”G” forces and to eliminate sideslip /// minimize cyclic inputs in turbulence do not over control
inadvertent encounter with moderate, severe or extreme turbulence?
if the area of tubulence is isolated, depart the area otherwise land as soon as practical
