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IP Secondary 3 Physics > Chapter 3 - Dynamics > Flashcards

Chapter 3 - Dynamics Flashcards

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1
Q

Define “force”

A

An influence which changes, or tries to change, the state of motion of a body or the shape or size of a body

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2
Q

What is the Sl unit for force?

A

Newton (N)

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3
Q

Define “mass”

A

A measure of the amount of matter in a body (or object)

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4
Q

What is the SI unit for mass?

A

kilogram (kg)

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5
Q

What is used to measure mass?

A

electronic balance, beam balance

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6
Q

Define “gravitational field”

A

A region in which a mass experiences a force due to gravitational attraction

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7
Q

Define “gravitational field strength”

A

The gravitational force (in N) acting on a unit mass

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8
Q

Gravitational field strength is measured in ________

A

N kg^-1

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9
Q

Gravitational acceleration / acceleration due to gravity is measured in ________

A

m s^-2

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10
Q

Formula to calculate weight

A

W = mg

[ weight (gravitational force) = mass x gravitational acceleration ]

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11
Q

Similarity between mass and weight

A

Both are physical quantities

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12
Q

Differences between mass and weight (5)

A
  • Mass is a measure of the amount of substance in a body whereas weight is due to the gravitational force on a body
  • Mass is a scalar whereas weight is a vector
  • SI unit for mass is kg whereas SI unit for weight is N
  • Mass is constant regardless of the gravitational field strength whereas weight varies according to the gravitational field strength
  • Mass is usually measured by a beam/electronic balance whereas weight is measured by a spring/compression balance
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13
Q

Define “friction”

A

A force that exists between two surfaces when at least one is rough

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15
Q

Friction opposes ________ between two surfaces in contact

A

relative motion

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16
Q

Friction ________ with applied force until maximum value (________ friction)

A

increases

limiting

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17
Q

Friction is proportional to the ________ from the surface in contact

A

normal contact force

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18
Q

Friction is zero when there is ________ applied even if one of the surfaces is rough

A

no force

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19
Q

Friction is zero when surfaces are ________ even if a normal contact force is applied and/or object is moving

A

smooth

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20
Q

Friction can be greatly reduced by the use of ________ on a surface

A

lubricants

21
Q

Define “tension”

A

A force which acts through a stretched rope/string/cable

22
Q

Define “normal contact force”

A

A force that is perpendicular to the surface of contact

23
Q

Define “upthrust”

A

An upward force exerted by a fluid (liquid/gas) on an object (fully or partially) immersed in the fluid

24
Q

Upthrust opposes ________

A

the object’s weight

25
Q

If an object floats, upthrust is ________ than weight

A

greater

26
Q

Define “density”

A

The mass per unit volume

27
Q

Formula to calculate density

A

m/v

[ mass / volume ]

28
Q

Formula to calculate average density (for a mixture of substances)

A

total mass / total volume

29
Q

What is the density of water

A

1.0g cm^-3

= 1000kg m^-3

30
Q

An object stays at rest even when force is applied due to ________

A

static friction

31
Q

There is no resultant force → forces acting on an object are ________

A

balanced

32
Q

There is a resultant force → forces acting on an object are ________

A

unbalanced

33
Q

Define “resultant force”

A

The sum of forces acting on an object

34
Q

State Newton’s First Law of Motion

A

An object at rest will remain at rest and an object in motion will continue in motion at constant speed in a straight line unless a resultant force acts on it

35
Q

Define “inertia”

A

A body’s tendency to continue with its state of rest or motion

36
Q

The mass of a body is a measure of its ________

A

inertia

37
Q

The greater the mass of a body, the ________ its inertia

A

greater

38
Q

State Newton’s Second Law of Motion

A

The resultant force acting upon an object is equal to the product of the mass and the acceleration of the object; the direction of the force is the same as that of the object’s acceleration

39
Q

Formula to calculate resultant force

A

F = ma

[ resultant force = mass x acceleration ]

40
Q

When an object falls vertically through air, the upward resistive force R (air resistance or drag force) acting on it ________ as the velocity of the object increases

A

increases

41
Q

The object will fall with terminal velocity when…

A

the downward force of gravity (weight) on the object is equal to the upward resistive force R on the object

42
Q

Terminal velocity is the ________ velocity of the object

A

constant maximum

43
Q

State Newton’s Third Law of Motion

A

The force which body A exerts on body B is always equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to the force which body B exerts on body A

44
Q

Forces always occur in pairs called ________ and ________ forces

A

action

reaction

45
Q

Each pair of action-reaction forces are always… (4)

A
  • equal in magnitude
  • opposite in direction
  • acting on different bodies
  • of the same nature
46
Q

When force F is resolved into two components P and Q,
P (the vertical force) = ________
Q (the horizontal force) = ________

A

F sin θ

F cos θ

IP Secondary 3 Physics (8 decks)

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