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NASM Vocabulary > Chapter 3 - Disciplines of Functional Biomechanics > Flashcards

Chapter 3 - Disciplines of Functional Biomechanics Flashcards

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1
Q

Kinesiology

A

The study of human movement.

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2
Q

Biomechanics

A

The study of how forces affect a living body.

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3
Q

Ground Reaction Force

A

An equal and opposite external force that is exerted back onto the body by the ground.

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4
Q

Qualitative Analysis

A

Applying principles of proper technique and combining them with observations in order to make an educated evaluation.

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5
Q

Quantitative Analysis

A

Taking physical measurements and making mathematical computations to reach a conclusion.

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6
Q

Anatomic Position

A

Standard posture wherein the body stands upright with the arms beside the trunk, the palms face forward, and the head faces forward.

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7
Q

Midline

A

That which is contained within an imaginary line that splits the body into equal halves.

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8
Q

Sagittal Plane

A

An imaginary plane that bisects the body into equal halves, producing a left half and a right half.

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9
Q

Front Plane

A

An imaginary plane that bisects the body into equal halves, producing a front half and back half.

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10
Q

Transverse Plane

A

An imaginary plane that bisects the body into equal halves, producing a top half and a bottom half.

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11
Q

Anterior-Posterior Axis

A

A straight line that cuts through the body from front to back.

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12
Q

Longitudinal Axis

A

An imaginary long, straight line that cuts through the body from top to bottom.

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13
Q

Coronal Axis (Medial-Lateral)

A

An imaginary long, straight line that cuts through the body from left to right.

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14
Q

Range of Motion

A

The amount of movement produced by one or multiple joints.

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15
Q

Flexion

A

A bending at a joint where the relative angle between two adjoining segments decreases.

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16
Q

Extension

A

A bending at a joint where the relative angle between two adjoining segments increases.

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17
Q

Adduction

A

A body segment is moving toward the midline of the body.

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18
Q

Abduction

A

A body segment is moving away from the midline of the body.

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19
Q

Internal Rotation

A

Rotation of a limb or body segment toward the midline of the body.

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20
Q

External Rotation

A

Rotation of a limb or body segment away from the midline of the body.

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21
Q

Pronation

A

A triplaner movement that is associated with force reduction.

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22
Q

Supination

A

A triplaner movement that is associated with force production.

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23
Q

Flexors

A

A muscle that produces flexion of a limb or joint.

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24
Q

Extensors

A

A muscle that produces extension of a limb or joint.

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25
Q

Abductors

A

A muscle that produces abduction of a limb or joint.

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26
Q

Adductors

A

A muscle that produces an adduction of a limb or joint.

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27
Q

Pronators

A

A muscle that produces pronation of a limb or body segment.

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28
Q

Supinators

A

A muscle that produces supination of a limb or body segement.

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29
Q

Prone

A

Body position where one is lying with the face downward.

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30
Q

Supine

A

Body position where one is lying on the back and the face is upward.

31
Q

Triple Flexion

A

A multi-joint exercise that involves flexion at the hip, knee, and ankle.

32
Q

Triple Extension

A

A multi-joint exercise that involves extension at the hip, knee, and ankle.

33
Q

Static Posture

A

The starting point from which an individual moves.

34
Q

Multiplanar

A

Occuring in more than one plane of motion.

35
Q

Concentric Activation

A

The production of an active force when a muscle develops tension while shortening in length.

36
Q

Active Force

A

Muscle tension that is generated by its contractile elements.

37
Q

Isometric Activation

A

The production of an active force when a muscle develops tension while maintaining a constant length.

38
Q

Eccentric Activation

A

The production of an active force when a muscle develops tension while lengthening.

39
Q

Isolated Function

A

(1) A muscle’s primary function. (2) A muscle action produced at a joint when a muscle is being concentrically activated to produce acceleration of a body segment.

40
Q

Eccentric Function

A

Action of a muscle when it is generating an eccentric contraction.

41
Q

Integrated Function

A

The coordination of muscles to produce, reduce, and stabilize forces in multiple planes for efficient and safe movement.

42
Q

Kinetics

A

Biomechanics term that involves the study of forces.

43
Q

Force

A

(1) A push or a pull that can create, stop, or change movement. (2) Force = Mass x Acceleration

44
Q

Mass

A

The amount of matter in an object or physical body.

45
Q

Matter

A

A substance that has mass and takes up space.

46
Q

Acceleration

A

The speed of an object.

47
Q

Weight

A

The amount of force that gravity has on the body.

48
Q

Gravity

A

A force that accelerates an object or mass downward toward the earth’s center.

49
Q

Lever

A

A relatively rigid rod or bar that rotates around a fulcrum.

50
Q

Torque

A

The rotary or rotational effect that a force has around an axis.

51
Q

Tempo

A

The amount of time that muscle is actively producing tension during exercise movements.

52
Q

Repetition Tempo

A

The speed at which each repetition is performed.

53
Q

Line of Pull

A

The direction in which a muscle is pulled.

54
Q

Parallel Muscle

A

Muscle with fibers that are oriented parallel to that muscle’s longitudinal axis.

55
Q

Pennate Muscle

A

Muscle with fibers that are oriented at an angle to the muscle’s longitudinal axis.

56
Q

Origin

A

The relatively stationary attachment site where skeletal muscle begins.

57
Q

Insertion

A

The relatively mobile attachment site.

58
Q

Tendons

A

Connective tissues that attach muscle to bone and provide an anchor for muscles to produce force.

59
Q

Aponeurosis

A

A white tendinous sheet that attaches muscle to bone.

60
Q

Muscle Belly

A

The mid-region in between the origin and insertion.

61
Q

Malalignment

A

The incorrect or improper alignment of the joints in a body without movements.

62
Q

Overactive

A

Referring to a state of having disrupted neuromuscular recruitment patterns that lead a muscle to be more active during a joint action.

63
Q

Underactive

A

Referring to the state of having disrupted neuromuscular recruitment patterns that lead to a muscle to be relatively less active during a joint action.

64
Q

Extrinsic

A

Located from outside yet act on a structure being considered.

65
Q

Intrinsic

A

Located from within and acting directly on a structure being considered.

66
Q

Intrinsic Core Stabilizers

A

Deep inner muscles behind the superficial abdominals that have a direct effect on stabilizing the lumbo-pelvic-hip complex.

67
Q

Retraction

A

Adduction of the shoulder blades where the shoulder blades move toward the spine.

68
Q

Shoulder Impingement

A

When the space between the bone on top of the shoulder (acromion) and the tendons of the rotator cuff rub against each other during arm elevation.

69
Q

Pronation of the Foot

A

A combination of dorsiflexion, eversion, and abduction.

70
Q

Supination of the Foot

A

A combination of plantar flexion, inversion, and adduction.

71
Q

Flexibility

A

The normal extensibility of soft tissue, which allows a joint to be moved through its full range of motion.

72
Q

Corrective Exercise

A

The programming process that identifies neuromuscular dysfunction, develops a plan of action, and implements a corrective strategy as a part of an exercise training program.

73
Q

Neuromuscular Efficiency

A

When the neuromuscular system allows agonists, antagonists, and stabilizers to synergistically produce muscle actions in all three plans of motion.

74
Q

Relative Flexibility

A

The human movement system’s way of finding the path of least resistance during movement.

NASM Vocabulary (3 decks)

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