Chapter 3: Dermatoses Resulting From Physical Factors Flashcards
Thermal burn which results merely in an active congestion of the superficial blood vessels, causing erythema and may be followed by epidermal desquamation
first degree burn
Thermal burn which results to transudation of serum, formation of vesicles and bullae and wherein recovery without scarring is usual
Superficial second degree burn
Thermal burn which leads to the skin to be pale and anesthetic and there is injury to the reticular dermis which compromises blood flow and destroys appendages, healing takes mores than 1 month and results in scarring
Deep second degree burn
Thermal burn where there is los of full thickness of the dermis and often some of the subcutaneous tissue and an ulcerating wound is produced
Third degree burn
Thermal burn wherein there is destruction of entire skin including the subcutaneous fat and any underlying tendons
Fourth degree burn
Disease condition where there is retention of sweat as a result of occlusion of eccrine glands. Common in hot and humid climates
Miliaria
Characterized by small, clear, superficial vesicles with no inflammatory reaction.hypernatremia without fever may induce it and lesions are generally asymptomatic
Miliaria Crystallina
Discrete, extremely pruritic erythematous papulovesicles accompanied by a sensation of prickling, burning or tingling
Miliaria Rubra
Common sites affected by Miliaria rubra
Antebcubital and popliteal fossae
Trunk
Inframammary areas
Inguinal area
Distinct pustules, superficial and independent of hair follicle preceded by another dermatitis that has produced injury, destruction or blockage of eccrine sweat glands
Miliaria Pustulosa
Nonpruritic flesh colored, deep seated whitish papules, usually asymptomatic lasts only for 1 hours after overheating has ended, concentrated on the trunk and extremities
Miliaria profunda
Results from occlusion of sweat ducts and pores and it may be severe enough to impair ability to work in a hot environment
Post miliarial hypohydrosis
Rare form of Miliaria with long lasting portal occlusion which produces anhidrosis and heat retention
Tropical anhidrotic asthenia
Persistent erythema or a coarsely reticulated residual pigmentation produced by long exposure to excessive heat
Erythema Ab Igne
Histology of Erythema Ab Igné
Increased amount of elastic tissue in the dermis
Interface dermatitis and epithelial atypical may be noted
Mechanism of cold damage
Reduced temperature directly damages the skin
Vasospasm of the vessels prevents adequate perfusion
Adipose tissue is predisposed to damage due to fat composition
Difference between acrocyanosis and raynauds
Acrocyanosis is persistent and there is no tissue damage
Localized erythema and swelling caused by exposure to cold; blistering and ulceration develop in severe cases
Permio (chillblain, perniosis)
Histology of Pernio
Lymphocytic vasculitis
Dermal edema
Superficial and deep perivascular tightly cuffed lymphocytic infiltrates
Fluffy edema of vessel walls
Medications for pernio
Nifedipine 20mg TID
Nicotine die 500mg TID
Dipyridamole 25mg TID
Sildenafil 50mg TID
Treatment for frostbite
Rapid rewarding between 37 to 43c (100 and 110F)
Major risk factor for recurrent frostbite
Prior cold injury
Late complication of frostbite
Arthritis
Results from prolonged exposure to cold , wet conditions without immersion or actual freezing, lack of circulation produces edema and paresthesia. Gangrene may occur in severe cases
Trench Foot
Exposure to warm, wet conditions for 48 hours, macération, blanching and wrinkling. Itching and burning with swelling may persist
Warm water immersion foot
Continuous immersion of the feet in water or mud at temp above 22c (71.6F) for 2-10 days. Produces erythema, edema and pain as well as fever and adenopathyu. Resolves after 3-7 days after feet have been dried
Paddy foot
