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COMPTIA A+ > Chapter 3- CPUs > Flashcards

Chapter 3- CPUs Flashcards

1
Q

What three components make up a CPU?

A
  1. microprocessor
  2. heat sink
  3. cooling fan
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2
Q

external data bus

A

physical communication method between CPU and the RAM; wires connected to CPU that emit and transmit electrical pulses representing binary code

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3
Q

register

A

the register is a workspace for the microprocessor; the general purpose registers are AX, BX, CX, and DX

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4
Q

machine language

A

binary codes that act as commands; placing these as lines of codes on the EDB will give the CPU tasks to complete

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5
Q

instruction set

A

machine language commands that are understood by a specific CPU

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6
Q

clock wire

A

a wire that transmits a pulse to the microprocessor which causes it to initialize or complete a command

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7
Q

clock cycle

A

a single charge to the clock wire

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8
Q

clock speed

A

maximum number of clock cycles a CPU can handle in a given period of time as determined by its manufacturer

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9
Q

What measurement do we use for oscillating waveforms of electromagnetic energy known as AC?

A

hertz; 1 hertz is equivalent to one cycle per second

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10
Q

system crystal

A

the silicon crystal soldered onto a motherboard that determines a CPUs maximum speed for that system; flaws in silicon inside of a CPU determine top speeds for a CPU

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11
Q

How does the quartz oscillator regulate top speed for a computer system?

A

The quartz oscillator sends a pulse to the clock chip, usually many millions of times in a second. The clock chip increases the pulse by a large multiple and sends it to the clock wire of the CPU. The CPU then interprets these pulses as commands.

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12
Q

RAM

A

random access memory; the CPU will access any line of code (randomly) through the RAM

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13
Q

How many bits makes up a byte?

A

8 bits

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14
Q

memory controller chip (MCC)

A

a chip that communicates between the CPU and RAM which allows the CPU to pull any specific line of code from the RAM “spreadsheet”

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15
Q

address bus

A

second set of wires from the CPU to MCC which tells the MCC which lines of code to grab from the RAM

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16
Q

How many bytes is in a kilobyte?

A

1,000 (2^10=1024)

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17
Q

How many bytes is in a megabyte?

A

1,000,000 (2^20= 1,048,576)

18
Q

How many bytes is in a gigabyte?

A

1,000,000,000 (2^30= 1,073,741,824)

19
Q

How many bytes is in a terabyte?

A

1,000,000,000,000 (2^40= 1,099,511,627,776)

20
Q

What are the mathematical terms for permutations of the power of two used in measuring memory?

A

1 kibi= 2^10
1 mebi= 2^20
1 gibi= 2^30
1 tebi= 2^40

21
Q

arithmetic logic unit

A

the proto CPU

22
Q

ARM CPU architecture

A

descriptor for a type of CPU architecture that is commonly used in phones and tablets

23
Q

Who are the two major CPU manufacturers?

A

Intel and AMD

24
Q

microarchitecture

A

internal CPU design; often changes for the same CPU every couple of years

25
Q

thermal throttling

A

more common in mobile devices, when a system accumulates excessive heat and is in danger of damaging the CPU, the CPU will slow to a crawl to cool down the system

26
Q

thermal design power

A

how much heat a busy CPU will generate

27
Q

What is the maximum RAM with 32-bit processing?

28
Q

virtualization

A

the ability to run more than one OS at a time

29
Q

parallel execution

A

the CPU’s ability to process more than one command

30
Q

What are the four stages of the pipeline?

A
  1. Fetch
  2. Decode
  3. Execute
  4. Write
31
Q

pipeline stall

A

when a CPU hits a snag in processing usually due to a complex command

32
Q

floating point unit

A

a part of CPU circuitry that allows for more complex math calculations than just integer math

33
Q

What are the three CPU caches and their characteristics?

A

L1- smallest and fallest
L2- bigger and slower
L3- biggest and slowest

34
Q

thread

A

series of instructions

35
Q

multithreading

A

the result of a duo core or more CPU which can simultaneously process threads

36
Q

Which CPU cache is shared with multi core processors?

37
Q

IMC

A

integrated memory controller; optimizes the flow of information from the CPU to motherboard

38
Q

Intel sockets

A

LGA 1150 (H3) = Core i3/i5/i7, Pentium, Celeron, Xeon

LGA 1151 (H4) = Core i3/i5/i7, Pentium, Celeron, Xeon

LGA 2011 (R3) = Core i7, Core i7 Extreme Edition, Xeon

LGA 2066 (R4) = Core i5/i7/i9, Xeon

39
Q

AMD sockets

A

FM2+ = A-series

AM3+ = FX, Opteron

AM4= Ryzen, A-series

TR4= Ryzen Threadripper

40
Q

Intel naming conventions

A

i.e. Intel Core i7 7500 U

i7= brand modifier

7= generation

500= SKU number

U= alpha suffix; desktop ultra-low power

41
Q

AMD naming conventions

A

i.e. AMD Ryzen 7 2700X

7= market segment

2= generation

7= performance level

00= model number

X= power suffix; x always indicates high performance

COMPTIA A+ (28 decks)

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