chapter 3 comparative cultures quiz

Question 1

pastoral nomads

Answer 1

groups of people who moved periodically or seasonally due to their dependence on domesticated herds that seek pasturage.

Question 2

Transhumant herders

Answer 2

groups of people who lived closer to agricultural settlements, and migrated seasonally to pasture their livestock.

Question 3

what parts of the world did pastoral people migrate from?

Answer 3

• The Arabian desert
• Mesopotamia
• the Iranian plateau in the west
• river valley
• Yellow river valley
  Pastoral nomads migrated from southern Russia or primarily inner Eurasia steps

Question 4

what areas did pastoral people bring into closer connection?

Answer 4

• The Arabian Desert and SE Mesopotamia
• The Arabian Desert to South
• Asia and the Indus River valley
• Central Asia to the Arabian plateau

Question 5

How did pastoral migrations affect settled, agriculture-based societies?

Answer 5

• Herders and pastoral migrants brought new ideas and innovations to these already-established civilizations. An example of this is the chariot, which was to be used as warfare and entertainment in the future.
• Alongside this, they brought new pressures. Drought and food shortages led to the overthrowing of ruling elites across Afro-Eurasia

Question 6

Hyksos

Answer 6

A Western, Semitic-speaking people, meaning “rulers of foreign lands”, that immigrated or invaded Upper Egypt and overthrew the 13th Dynasty.

Question 7

Amorites

Answer 7

Meaning “Westerner”, a group of transhumant herders, rustic migrants that invaded Mesopotamian cities.

Question 8

Hammurapi’s Code

Answer 8

one of the world’s oldest and most complete written legal codes, a 282-rule cuneiform engraving of the Babylonian King’s code of laws.

Question 9

Hittites

Answer 9

A people group of chariot warriors that came from Anatolia and dominated the commercial area, traded with and fought the Babylonians and Egyptians.

Question 10

What factors allowed for the expansion of the Egyptian New Kingdom?

Answer 10

-Development of religious and political institutions, increasing state power and greater prosperity and trade

Using spirituality and cult belief to unify the kingdom, which also brought power to the god Amun and the current pharaoh

Prosperity from the development of institutions brought a rise of urban-class merchants, who would use their skills and wealth to create new opportunities

Indulgence of leisure and expressing art at events like banquets

Middle-class people became more mobile and autonomous

Expanding civilized territory and utilizing expedition for the sole purpose of gaining materials to trade

Luring of pastoral nomads

Question 11

What factors led to the rise of territorial states in Southwest Asia?

Answer 11

• The breakdown of original civilisations because of drought, corruption, loss of agrarian land, invasion of foreigners (Amorites), demise of old city-state models

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Question 12

Describe the impact Transhumant herders and pastoral nomads had on settled communities in Egypt and Southwest Asia.

Answer 12

Restoration of order

Increasing wealth by trade and expansion

Helping the cultural realm flourish – diffusion, assimilation, new people constantly

What materials they offered from their goods: leather, bones, wools and artisanals

Question 13

where did Indo-European migration originate?

Answer 13

Originated in Anatolia and the plains of Eastern Europe, north of the Black and Caspian Seas in present day Ukraine and southern Russia.

Question 14

Where did Indo-European migrations spread to.

Answer 14

Western Europe, Central and South Asia

Question 15

Semitic

Answer 15

relating to or denoting a family of languages that includes Hebrew, Arabic, and Aramaic and certain ancient languages such as Phoenician and Akkadian, constituting the main subgroup of the Afro-Asiatic family

Question 16

what relationships does the table suggest among the Semitic and Indo-European languages?

Answer 16

It suggests the Indo-European languages are all quite similar in pronunciation. It would be easier for the people in the Indo Europe area to communicate with each other because they might have a very brief understanding. All of these languages have different characters in writing.

Question 17

Microsocieties

Answer 17

small-scale, fragmented, and dispersed communities that had limited interaction with one another.

Question 18

Minoan

Answer 18

a distinct Bronze Age civilization which flourished on the Mediterannean island of Crete.

Question 19

Mycenae

Answer 19

are proto-Greeks, a late Bronze Age civilization founded in the Peloponnesian peninsula of Greece.

Question 20

Where did the Austronesians come from?

Answer 20

• Coastal south China
• Taiwan

Question 21

Austronesians

Answer 21

a large group of peoples in Taiwan, Malay Peninsula, parts of Mainland Southeast Asia, Maritime Southeast Asia, Micronesia, coastal New Guinea, Island Melanesia, Polynesia, and Madagascar that speak Austronesian languages.

Question 22

Why, unlike other migratory people during the 2nd millennium BCE, did Austronesian settlers in Polynesia become a world apart?

Answer 22

• They didn’t integrate the islands together or into the mainland culture, making them all remain distinct
• Polynesia is a subregion of Oceania, made up of more than 1000 islands scattered over the central and southern Pacific Ocean. The indigenous people who inhabit the islands of Polynesia are called Polynesians. They have many things in common, including language relatedness, cultural practices, and traditional beliefs.

Question 23

Why did islands like Crete and Cyprus flourish during the 2nd millennium BCE?

Answer 23

Crete the sea was the basis of their economy and power.

The Minoans traded extensively around the Aegean and eastern Mediterranean. They exported agricultural products and luxury crafts, often in exchange for raw metal which was difficult to obtain on Crete.

recorded a tradition that Crete had 90 cities. The site at Knossos was the most important one.

Through traders and artisans, their cultural influence reached beyond Crete to the Cyclades, Cyprus, Egypt, Italy, Anatolia, and the Levant.

Question 24

What were the differences between the Mycenaean and Minoan cultures?

Answer 24

The Minoans were mainly farmers and traders, while the Mycenaeans were a warlike society.

the Mycenaean society was oriented towards war and expansion, and it showed in their art.

The Minoan Civilization was a flourishing culture that engaged in trade and commerce with a developed agricultural polity

Mycenae was one of the major centers of Greek civilization, a military stronghold which dominated much of southern Greece.

Mycenae was a powerful city-state, rivalling and later superseding that of Knossos, the center of Minoan culture on Crete

Question 25

Who was the Egypt and Hittite Peace Treaty between?

Answer 25

Khetasar, Great Chief of Kheta and Ramses II, Great Ruler of Egypt

Question 26

What are the terms of the Peace Treaty?

Answer 26

• Peace and good brotherhood between them forever

All generations down the line should have the same peace with each other

There shall be no hostilities

No entering each others territory

They shall not provoke each other

If there is outside threat, they are unified, one team in battle