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Biology Ch.3 > Chapter 3; communities, biomes, and ecosystems > Flashcards

Chapter 3; communities, biomes, and ecosystems Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Terrestrial

A

Land

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2
Q

Aquatic

A

Water

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3
Q

Communities

A

A group of interacting populations that occupy the same area at the same time

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4
Q

What’s included in the communities?

A

Plants, animals, bacteria and fungi

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5
Q

Limiting factors

A

Any abiotic factor or biotic factor that restricts their numbers, reproduction or distribution of organisms.

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6
Q

Abiotic limiting factors

A

Sunlight, climate, temperature, water, nutrients, fire, soil, chemistry and space.

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7
Q

Biotic limiting factors

A

Living things

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8
Q

Zone of tolerance

A

Are where and organism can survive.

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9
Q

Zone of intolerance

A

Where a organism can’t survive.

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10
Q

Zone of physiological stress

A

Where an organism can survive but it would rather not be there.

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11
Q

Optimum zone

A

A place where a certain species or organism would thrive

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12
Q

Ecological succession

A

Process in which one community replaces another as a result of changing abiotic and biotic factors.

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13
Q

Successor

A

To come after

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14
Q

Primary succession

A

What happens first

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15
Q

Examples of primary succession

A

Rock slide

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16
Q

Secondary succession

A

Orderly and predictable that takes place after a community of organisms has been removed but the soil has remained intact

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17
Q

Examples of secondary succession

A

Burning pastures/forest fire

Tilling the ground

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18
Q

Pioneer is the same as…

A

Primary

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19
Q

Pioneer stage

A

Bare rock -> lichens-> small annual plants-> perennial herbs and grasses

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20
Q

Secondary; Intermediate (middle) stages

A

Getting bigger

Grasses -> shrubs-> shade intolerant trees

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21
Q

Shade intolerant trees

A

Hedge, locust, cedar

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22
Q

Secondary; mature community

A

Mature forest, stays forever, unless torn down. Shade tolerant trees

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23
Q

Shade tolerant trees

A

Oak and hickory

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24
Q

Weather

A

Condition of the atmosphere at a specific place and time

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25
Q

latitude

A

Distance of a point of the surface of the earth north of sound from the equator

26
Q

Climate

A

average weather conditions in an area

27
Q

What two things control our biomes

A

Temperature and precipitation

28
Q

Biomes and classified by their…

A

Plants, temperature, and precipitation

29
Q

Tundra

A

-70c-12c, 15-25cm/yr, short grasses, arctic fox

30
Q

Boreal forest

A

-54c-21c, 30-84cm/yr, small shrubs and deciduous trees, deer /lynx /birds /moose /wolverine

31
Q

Temperate forest

A

-30c- 30c, 75-150cm/yr, oak /maple/shrubs, deer/foxes/black bear

32
Q

Temperate woodland and shrubland

A

10c-40c, 38-100cm/yr, evergreen/shrubs, foxes bobcats, jack rabbits, bobcats

33
Q

Grasslands

A

40c-38c, 50-89cm/yr, grasses/ herbs/flowers, bison/lion/gazelles/wolves

34
Q

Desert

A

High;20c-49c low;-18c-10c, 2-26cm/yr, Joshua trees/succulents/cactus, tortoises/ desert toads/lizards

35
Q

Tropical savanna

A

20c-30c, 50-130cm/yr, grasses and scattered trees, lions/cheetahs/ elephants/ zebras

36
Q

Tropical seasonal forest

A

20c-25c, 200cm/yr, deciduous and evergreen trees/ mosses, elephants/tigers/monkeys/koalas

37
Q

Tropical rainforest

A

24c-27c, 200-1000cm/yr, broad leaf evergreens/ bamboo, chimps/bengal tiger/ toucan/ orangutans

38
Q

Why aren’t mountains considered biomes?

A

Mountains contain multiple biomes because of elevation

39
Q

Why aren’t polar regions considered biomes?

A

Polar regions are just ice masses

40
Q

Water on earth is _% salt water, _% fresh water, _% drinkable water

A

97, 2, 1

41
Q

Fresh water; _% glaciers, _% groundwater, _% lakes and rivers

A

68.9, 30.8, 0.3

42
Q

Sediment

A

Material that is deposited by water, wind, or glaciers

43
Q

Mountain: ice -> headwater -> river -> lake/estuary region

Clean->dirty->dirtier-> sediment settles to the bottom

A

;)

44
Q

Usually there are (more,less) species living in rapid waters

A

Less.

No sediment, no plants for animals to eat

45
Q

in slow moving water what is the primary food soursce fore catfish, eel and trout?

A

Insect larvae

46
Q

Turn over

A

Wind blows water to the north, water hits shore and curls up or goes down, forcing water from the bottom to the top

47
Q

Littoral zone

A

Area closest to the shore

48
Q

Limnetic zone

A

Open water area, well lit, dominated by plankton

49
Q

Plankton

A

Free floating autotrophs and heterotrophs that live in freshwater or marine ecosystems

50
Q

Profundal zone

A

Deepest coldest areas of a lake or pond, very little lie and light.

51
Q

Zones in the lakes and ponds

A

Littoral, limnetic, profundal

52
Q

Transitional aquatic ecosystems

A

Where land meets water

Ex) wetlands like swamps, marshes and bogs. Lots of life.

53
Q

Estuary

A

An ecosystem that is formed where freshwater from a river or stream merges with salt water from the ocean.

54
Q

Zones in the Marine ecosystems

A

Intertidal zone, photic zone, aphotic zone, benthic zone, abyssal zone

55
Q

Intertidal zone

A

A narrow band where the ocean meets land, communities are constantly changing in this environment because of disturbance, similar to shore line

56
Q

Tide

A

The moon trying to pull water off of the earth

57
Q

Photic zone

A

The area to a depth of about 200m of the pelagic zone, shallow enough that sunlight is able to penetrate, whales!!

58
Q

Aphotic zone

A

An area where sunlight is unable to penetrate.
- cold, little to no biotic factors
Similar to profundal zone

59
Q

Benthic zone

A

The area alone the ocean floor that consists of sand, silt, and dead organisms.
- both photic and aphotic (one or the other
Shallow water is photic > bottom of the ocean is aphotic

60
Q

Abyssal zone

A

Deepest region of the ocean.
Aphotic
No light
Cold

Biology Ch.3 (1 decks)

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