Chapter 3; communities, biomes, and ecosystems Flashcards
Terrestrial
Land
Aquatic
Water
Communities
A group of interacting populations that occupy the same area at the same time
What’s included in the communities?
Plants, animals, bacteria and fungi
Limiting factors
Any abiotic factor or biotic factor that restricts their numbers, reproduction or distribution of organisms.
Abiotic limiting factors
Sunlight, climate, temperature, water, nutrients, fire, soil, chemistry and space.
Biotic limiting factors
Living things
Zone of tolerance
Are where and organism can survive.
Zone of intolerance
Where a organism can’t survive.
Zone of physiological stress
Where an organism can survive but it would rather not be there.
Optimum zone
A place where a certain species or organism would thrive
Ecological succession
Process in which one community replaces another as a result of changing abiotic and biotic factors.
Successor
To come after
Primary succession
What happens first
Examples of primary succession
Rock slide
Secondary succession
Orderly and predictable that takes place after a community of organisms has been removed but the soil has remained intact
Examples of secondary succession
Burning pastures/forest fire
Tilling the ground
Pioneer is the same as…
Primary
Pioneer stage
Bare rock -> lichens-> small annual plants-> perennial herbs and grasses
Secondary; Intermediate (middle) stages
Getting bigger
Grasses -> shrubs-> shade intolerant trees
Shade intolerant trees
Hedge, locust, cedar
Secondary; mature community
Mature forest, stays forever, unless torn down. Shade tolerant trees
Shade tolerant trees
Oak and hickory
Weather
Condition of the atmosphere at a specific place and time
