Chapter 3 - Cells Flashcards
What are the 6 main parts that make up the Cell structure? (And what do they do?
- Cell membrane - forms the outer boundary of the cell
- Cytoplasm - a thick fluid that fills the inside of the cell and suspends the organelles
- Cytosol - the watery, liquid part of the cytoplasm
- Organelles - the structures within a cell that each carry out a specific function.
- Cytoskeleton - internal scaffolding of the cell
- Inclusions - chemical substances occurring as granules or liquid droplets within the cell.
Name and list the functions of the main organelles found in a cell
Nucleus - contains the DNA and genetic material of the cell. It is separated from the cytoplasm by a
Nuclear Membrane - has nuclear pores so that large molecules can pass through.
Nucleolus - composed of RNA and suspended in nucleoplasm.
Mitochondria - has a double membrane. Cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria which has a large surface area so that chemical reactions can take place.
Golgi Apparatus - modify and package proteins in vesicles for secretion out of the cell.
Endoplasmic Reticulum - connects the the cell membrane to the nuclear membrane. The channels between the paired membranes are used for storage and transport of materials. The rough ER have ribosomes attached, the smooth does not.
Lysosomes - break down materials that are taken into the cell or worn out organelles.
Ribosomes - amino acids are attached to ribosomes to make proteins
Centrioles - the centrioles are responsible for the reproduction of the cell.
Inclusions - found in the cytoplasm eg, haemoglobin, pigment ect.
What is Cilia and Flagella?
Cilia are fine projections that by beating back and forth can move the whole cell or move substances over the surface of the cell.
If they are longer, and there is only one or two of them, they are called flagella. Cilia is found in the windpipe and flagella is is attached to the spermatozoa to allow it to swim.
Why are cells so small?
There is a limit to how big a cell can be. All products of the cell must cross a membrane that surrounds the cell. The relationship between surface area and volume of as cell is very important. A small cell will have a larger surface area to volume ratio then a large cell which will have a smaller surface area to volume ratio.
