Chapter 3- Cells

Question 1

What are the three basic parts of a cell?

Answer 1

Plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus

Question 2

What is the plasma membrane?

Answer 2

flexible outer boundary

Question 3

What is the cytoplasm?

Answer 3

Intracellular fluid containing organelles

Question 4

What is the nucleus?

Answer 4

DNA containing control center

Question 5

what is the structure of the Plasma Membrane?

Answer 5

consists of membrane lipids that form a flexible lipid bilayer

Question 6

Define fluid mosaic

Answer 6

made up of many pieces pattern- think of Mexican mosaic jello

Question 7

What is the lipid bilayer made up of?

Answer 7

75% phospholipids
5% glycolipids
20% cholesterol

Question 8

Phospholipids consists of which two parts?

Answer 8

phosphate heads, which are hydrophilic and fatty acid tails which are hydrophobic

Question 9

what are glycolipids?

Answer 9

lipids with sugar groups on outer membrane suface

Question 10

What does cholesterol do in the membrane lipid bilayer?

Answer 10

increases membrane stability

Question 11

what is the function of integral proteins?

Answer 11

to transport proteins (channels and carriers), enzymes, or receptors

Question 12

What is the function of peripheral proteins?

Answer 12

functions as enzymes, motor proteins for shape change during cell division and muscle contraction, cell-to-cell connections

Question 13

what are the two distinct populations of membrane proteins?

Answer 13

Integral proteins and peripheral proteins

Question 14

What are the functions of the plasma membrane

Answer 14

physical barrier, selective permeability, communication, and cell recognition

Question 15

where are integral proteins located?

Answer 15

firmly inserted into the membrane

Question 16

where are peripheral proteins located?

Answer 16

loosely attached to integral proteins

Question 17

what do free cells mean?

Answer 17

not bound to any other cells
ex: blood cells, sperm cells

Question 18

what are three ways cells can be bounded to each other?

Answer 18

tight junctions
desmosomes
gap junctions

Question 19

Tight junctions are known as? and what they do

Answer 19

impermeable junctions; prevent molecules from passing between cells

Question 20

Desmosomes are known as? and what they do

Answer 20

anchoring junctions; bind adjacent cells together like molecular velcro and help cells from tearing apart by the thin linker protein

Question 21

Gap junctions are known as? and what they do

Answer 21

Communicating junctions and allow ions/small molecules to pass from cell to cell

Question 22

What is cytoplasm?

Answer 22

all the cellular material that is located between the plasma membrane and the nucleus

Question 23

What is the cytoplasm composed of?

Answer 23

Cytosol, inclusions, and organelles

Question 24

Describe cytosol

Answer 24

a gel-like solution made up of water and soluble molecules such as proteins, salts, sugars, etc

Question 25

What are inclusions?

Answer 25

insoluble molecules, vary with cell type like glycogen granules, pigments, lipid droplets, vacuoles, crystals

Question 26

What are organelles?

Answer 26

metabolic machinery structure of cell, each with their own specialized function

Question 27

what are the membranous cytoplasmic organelles?

Answer 27

Mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, peroxisomes, lysosomes

Question 28

What do membranes allow that is crucial to cell functioning?

Answer 28

compartmentalization

Question 29

What are the nonmembranous cytoplasmic organelles?

Answer 29

ribosomes, cytoskeleton, and centrioles

Question 30

What is mitochondria known as?

Answer 30

the power plant of cells because they produce most of the cell’s energy molecules (ATP) via aerobic cellular respiration

Question 31

What are cristae?

Answer 31

folds in the mitochondria- embedded with membrane proteins that play a role in cellular respiration