Chapter 3- Cells Flashcards
What are the three basic parts of a cell?
Plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus
What is the plasma membrane?
flexible outer boundary
What is the cytoplasm?
Intracellular fluid containing organelles
What is the nucleus?
DNA containing control center
what is the structure of the Plasma Membrane?
consists of membrane lipids that form a flexible lipid bilayer
Define fluid mosaic
made up of many pieces pattern- think of Mexican mosaic jello
What is the lipid bilayer made up of?
75% phospholipids
5% glycolipids
20% cholesterol
Phospholipids consists of which two parts?
phosphate heads, which are hydrophilic and fatty acid tails which are hydrophobic
what are glycolipids?
lipids with sugar groups on outer membrane suface
What does cholesterol do in the membrane lipid bilayer?
increases membrane stability
what is the function of integral proteins?
to transport proteins (channels and carriers), enzymes, or receptors
What is the function of peripheral proteins?
functions as enzymes, motor proteins for shape change during cell division and muscle contraction, cell-to-cell connections
what are the two distinct populations of membrane proteins?
Integral proteins and peripheral proteins
What are the functions of the plasma membrane
physical barrier, selective permeability, communication, and cell recognition
where are integral proteins located?
firmly inserted into the membrane
where are peripheral proteins located?
loosely attached to integral proteins
what do free cells mean?
not bound to any other cells
ex: blood cells, sperm cells
what are three ways cells can be bounded to each other?
tight junctions
desmosomes
gap junctions
Tight junctions are known as? and what they do
impermeable junctions; prevent molecules from passing between cells
Desmosomes are known as? and what they do
anchoring junctions; bind adjacent cells together like molecular velcro and help cells from tearing apart by the thin linker protein
Gap junctions are known as? and what they do
Communicating junctions and allow ions/small molecules to pass from cell to cell
What is cytoplasm?
all the cellular material that is located between the plasma membrane and the nucleus
What is the cytoplasm composed of?
Cytosol, inclusions, and organelles
Describe cytosol
a gel-like solution made up of water and soluble molecules such as proteins, salts, sugars, etc
What are inclusions?
insoluble molecules, vary with cell type like glycogen granules, pigments, lipid droplets, vacuoles, crystals
What are organelles?
metabolic machinery structure of cell, each with their own specialized function
what are the membranous cytoplasmic organelles?
Mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, peroxisomes, lysosomes
What do membranes allow that is crucial to cell functioning?
compartmentalization
What are the nonmembranous cytoplasmic organelles?
ribosomes, cytoskeleton, and centrioles
What is mitochondria known as?
the power plant of cells because they produce most of the cell’s energy molecules (ATP) via aerobic cellular respiration
What are cristae?
folds in the mitochondria- embedded with membrane proteins that play a role in cellular respiration
