Chapter 3- Cells Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three basic parts of a cell?

A

Plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the plasma membrane?

A

flexible outer boundary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the cytoplasm?

A

Intracellular fluid containing organelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the nucleus?

A

DNA containing control center

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the structure of the Plasma Membrane?

A

consists of membrane lipids that form a flexible lipid bilayer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Define fluid mosaic

A

made up of many pieces pattern- think of Mexican mosaic jello

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the lipid bilayer made up of?

A

75% phospholipids
5% glycolipids
20% cholesterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Phospholipids consists of which two parts?

A

phosphate heads, which are hydrophilic and fatty acid tails which are hydrophobic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are glycolipids?

A

lipids with sugar groups on outer membrane suface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does cholesterol do in the membrane lipid bilayer?

A

increases membrane stability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the function of integral proteins?

A

to transport proteins (channels and carriers), enzymes, or receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the function of peripheral proteins?

A

functions as enzymes, motor proteins for shape change during cell division and muscle contraction, cell-to-cell connections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are the two distinct populations of membrane proteins?

A

Integral proteins and peripheral proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the functions of the plasma membrane

A

physical barrier, selective permeability, communication, and cell recognition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

where are integral proteins located?

A

firmly inserted into the membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

where are peripheral proteins located?

A

loosely attached to integral proteins

17
Q

what do free cells mean?

A

not bound to any other cells
ex: blood cells, sperm cells

18
Q

what are three ways cells can be bounded to each other?

A

tight junctions
desmosomes
gap junctions

19
Q

Tight junctions are known as? and what they do

A

impermeable junctions; prevent molecules from passing between cells

20
Q

Desmosomes are known as? and what they do

A

anchoring junctions; bind adjacent cells together like molecular velcro and help cells from tearing apart by the thin linker protein

21
Q

Gap junctions are known as? and what they do

A

Communicating junctions and allow ions/small molecules to pass from cell to cell

22
Q

What is cytoplasm?

A

all the cellular material that is located between the plasma membrane and the nucleus

23
Q

What is the cytoplasm composed of?

A

Cytosol, inclusions, and organelles

24
Q

Describe cytosol

A

a gel-like solution made up of water and soluble molecules such as proteins, salts, sugars, etc

25
What are inclusions?
insoluble molecules, vary with cell type like glycogen granules, pigments, lipid droplets, vacuoles, crystals
26
What are organelles?
metabolic machinery structure of cell, each with their own specialized function
27
what are the membranous cytoplasmic organelles?
Mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, peroxisomes, lysosomes
28
What do membranes allow that is crucial to cell functioning?
compartmentalization
29
What are the nonmembranous cytoplasmic organelles?
ribosomes, cytoskeleton, and centrioles
30
What is mitochondria known as?
the power plant of cells because they produce most of the cell's energy molecules (ATP) via aerobic cellular respiration
31
What are cristae?
folds in the mitochondria- embedded with membrane proteins that play a role in cellular respiration
32