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Biology > Chapter 3 Cell Structure > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Cell Structure Flashcards

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0
Q

What did Robert Hooke do?

A

Coined the term cells after observing a cork

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1
Q

What did they believe in during the 1600’s?

A

Spontaneous Generation : life generated from non living matter

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2
Q

What did Antonie van Leeuwenhork do?

A

Improved microscopes and recorded observations of protist, red blood cells, sperm cells and bacteria

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3
Q

What was the cell theory in the 1800’s ?

A
  • all life is composed of cells
  • the smallest living unit is a cell
  • cells arise from pre existing cells
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4
Q

What was added to the cell theory in the 1900’s?

A

Cells contain hereditary material (DNA),passed onto offspring

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5
Q

What is a cell ?

A

Smallest unit of life that can reproduce and engage in metabolism.

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6
Q

What is the minimum that cells must contain ?

A

A plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and DNA.

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7
Q

Why are cells so small ?

A

As the shape gets larger the surface area to volume ration decreases

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8
Q

How do cells overcome SA:V limitations ?

A

Very thin shapes
Convoluted surfaces with lots of folds or projections
Multi cellularity

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9
Q

what are three types of microscopes and which two are electron microscopes?

A

Light microscopes

Scanning electron microscopes SEM

Transmission electron microscopes TEM

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10
Q

Cells are basically _____?

A

Lipid bilayer bubbles filled with fluid

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11
Q

Cells are referred to as _____?

A

Fluid mosaic
Flows
Made up of different pieces

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12
Q

____ proteins stick cells together
____ proteins bind to substances, trigger activities
____ proteins tags cells as self
____ proteins passively or actively assist ions or molecules across the membrane

A

Adhesion
Receptor
Recognition
Transport

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13
Q

Cells can be described as ___ or ___

A

Prokaryotic

eukaryotic

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14
Q

Bacteria and archaea are prokaryotic or eukaryotic ?

A

Prokaryotic

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15
Q

Protist, plants, animals and fungi are___?

A

Eukaryotic

16
Q

Despite structural similarity, _____ are actually more closely related to eukaryotes.

A

Archaea

17
Q

Prokaryotic cells have : name 5

A 
No nucleus 
Contain many ribosomes
Single circular molecule of DNA
Plasma membrane
Complex cell wall
18
Q

Eukaryotic cells are a extremely diverse group ? True or false

A

False ; prokaryotic bacteria

19
Q

Organism often referred to as “blue-green algae”

A

Cyanobacteria

20
Q

Bacteria can be subdivided into three main groups, based on shape : name them and the shape.

A

Coccus - round
Bacillus - rod shaped
Spirillum - spiral

21
Q

Archaea are known as ____ , three types are ___ , ____, and ____ .

A

Extremophiles

  1. Halophiles - salt lovers
  2. Thermoacidophiles - heat and acid lovers
  3. Methanogens - methane formers
22
Q

All eukaryotic cells start life with : 3 things

A

Nucleus , ribosomes, other organelles that perform various functions

23
Q

A system of sacs and tubes extending from the nuclear envelope

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

24
Q

_____ covered with ribosomes; synthesizes proteins

_____ make lipids that form cell membranes ; also breaks down carbs and fatty acids

A

Rough ER

Smooth ER

25
Q

_____ refine ER products and package them into vesicles.

A

Golgi bodies

26
Q

____ store, transport or breakdown various molecules

A

Vesicles

27
Q

_____ filled with fluid; isolate or dispose of waste

A

Vacuoles

28
Q

______ vesicles filled with enzymes that breakdown waste/debris; stomach of the cell

A

Lysosomes

29
Q

____ breakdown fatty acids, amino acids and toxins such as alcohol

A

Peroxisomes

30
Q

____ play a role in producing ATP

A

Mitochondria

31
Q

_____ important organelles in most plants and some protist

A

Chloroplasts

32
Q

In _____ , light energy from the sun is captured and stored in chemical bonds in glucose, synthesized from carbon dioxide and water.

A

Photosynthesis

33
Q

____ and ____ are thought to have evolved via endosymbiotic relationships

A

Mitochondria

Chloroplasts

34
Q

____ is made up of various protein filaments like ____ , ____, and _____.

A

Cytoskeleton

Microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate filaments

35
Q

What are the three structures for locomotion ?

A

Flagella
Cilia
Pseudopodia

36
Q

_____ ______ connect cells to one another and their environment.

A

Cell junctions

37
Q

In vertebrate animals what are the four major types of junctions ?

A

Tight
Adhering
Gap
Plasmodesmata

38
Q

Dead cells can not function , true or false.

A

False

Biology (4 decks)

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