Chapter 3: Case study: Nazi Germany and the Holocaust

Question 1

Hillers consolidation of power from 1933 and 1934

Answer 1

There was a democratic election in Germany. Hitler’s Nazi Party won the largest share of the vote. Hitler was appointed s Chancellor Hindenburg was the President and Head of State

Question 2

How did Hitler start to consolidate heir power

Answer 2

by creating a dictatorship

Question 3

What happened when Hitler became Chancellor of Germany

Answer 3

he turned Germany from a democracy into a totalitarian dictatorship

Question 4

What did Nazis call Germany?

Answer 4

The Third Reich

Question 5

What is the Third Reich

Answer 5

an empire which they aid would last a thousand years

Question 6

Steps were taken to consolidate NAzi power between 1933 and 1934

Answer 6

The Gestapo was established to get rid of all opposition using any means they thought necessary. Which was led by Heinrich Himmler

To govern Germany, the Nazi Party had to make people believe that Hitler had all the answers to the question by using propaganda or terror and the Nazi told people what to think

All soldiers in a democracy swear an oath of loyalty to the country they serve, not to a political party or a person

The Reichstag passed the Enabling Act which allowed the cabinet to pass laws without the Reichstags permission which gave Hitler the powers of a dictator

Question 7

The two pillars of Nazi ideology

Answer 7

1. The rejection of individual rights in favour of the totalitarian state of power
2. The belief in the superiority of a pure Aryan race. The Nazis wanted to create a healthy and racially pure society. Hitler had a clear notion of the nature, role, and appearance of the pure Aryan

Question 8

What were nazis racial beliefs

Answer 8

in the theories of social Darwinism and scientific racism and the Aryans were superior

Question 9

According to Nazi racial ideology…

Answer 9

Aryans were superior and belonged at the top of society and Jews and certain other members of the German population were considered inferior or unfit and belonged to the bottom of society

Question 10

What did racial propaganda cause?

Answer 10

made the jews look unpleasant as possible and it became easier for germans to accept what they would have rejected

Question 11

The Nazi views of jews

Answer 11

The Nazi party program made clear that only persons of German blood could be citizens of the Third Reich. Like other countries that practiced Social Darwinism and eugenics, Nazi Germany forbade mixed marriages between superior Aryans and subhuman Untermenschen

Question 12

What did Joseph Goebbels describe the jews

Answer 12

the Jews as the destroyers of civilization, the worlds enemies, international communists, criminals, aliens, sexual perverts, parasites, the incarnation of evil, profiters, exploiters, vermin, and the decay of humanity

Question 13

What did Nazis ideology do to jews

Answer 13

demonised and dehumanised the jews

Question 14

Antisemitism in Germany

Answer 14

was not unique to the Nazis in Germany. Jews had been persecuted throughout histories and there was a strong tradition of European anti- Semitism on which the Nazis were able to build

Question 15

How did jews see themselves as in Germany

Answer 15

They saw themselves as an integral part of Germany. Many german jews had fought for Germany in WW1 which came as a surprise that the was no place for German jews within german society

Question 16

What did the Nazi define the German nation as

Answer 16

the highest creation of a race with naturally good health and aggressive, intelligent, courageous trits

Everybody who did not fit the NAzi definition of Aryn was “other”. The Nazis thought the others were impure subhuman who did not deserve to live

Question 17

What did Nazis racial policies lead to

Answer 17

There was no policy of annihilation. Repressive laws were introduced in order to make the lives of Jewish people intolerable so that they would leave the country

it led to the holocaust which was the genocide of the Jewish people. The Nazis deliberately exterminated 6 million jews

Question 18

What is Euthanasia

Answer 18

the act of ending the life of a person suffering from a terminal illness or an incurable condition

Question 19

What did Hitler’s programme aim to do?

Answer 19

deliberately kill people whom he considered to be unfit
the children were the first target. Children who were disabled in any way were removed from their families. Their families were told that they would be placed in a special hospital to improve their health. The children were then given large doses of sedatives which killed them

Question 20

Euthanasia in adults

Answer 20

A panel of doctors would determine which unfit people would be killed. No medical histories or examinations took place. Initially, these people were killed with a lethal injection but as the numbers increased this was found to be inefficient. The Nazis then made use of mass gassing with carbon monoxide

Question 21

What did Nazis think about the black community

Answer 21

were inferior and targeted its members for Hitler’s sterilisation programme. 4oo children of mixed African American descents were forcibly sterilised

Question 22

Who was also considered to be a threat to Aryan Blood

Answer 22

the Sinti and Rome

Question 23

What happened to Gypsies

Answer 23

they were sterilized and prohibited from marrying Aryan Germans

Question 24

What did the Nazis do to gypsies during WW2

Answer 24

they hunted down gypsies and reported them to slave labor and death camps

Question 25

Which political opponents were targeted by the Nazis

Answer 25

communists
socialists
social democrats
trade unions leaders

Question 26

What did Hitler do to homosexuality

Answer 26

he banned homo because the nazis thought they were a threat to the Aryan breeding policy.
They were sent to prisons and concentration camps where many died from hunger, disease, exhaustion, exposure to the cold, and brutal treatment

Question 27

Who were Jehovahs witness

Answer 27

were a religious who were pacifists and refused to be conscripted into the arm

Question 28

1938 Kristallnacht

Answer 28

In retaliation for the murder in Paris, Nazi thugs destroyed Jewish businesses, homes, and synagogues. Over 30000 Jews were sent to concentration camps and 91 Jews were killed. This event became known as Kristallnacht because of all the broken glass that littered the streets. The Jews were forced to pay for all the damages and were excluded from schools, universities, cinemas, and sports facilities

Question 29

1939 The outbreak of WW2

Answer 29

German Jews were placed under curfew and their radios were confiscated. Jews in German-occupied Poland were resettled and moved into ghettos. special units of the SS that operated in German-occupied territories murdered thousands of jews

Question 30

1941 Invasion of USSR

Answer 30

When Germany invaded the USSR in 1941, treatment of the Jews got worse. The Einsatzgruppen shot over 500 000 Soviet Jes. All Jews were forced to wear yellow started

Question 31

1942-45 From murder to genocide

Answer 31

The mass deportation of Jews from Germany and all German-occupied territories to concentration camps in eastern Europe

Question 32

1942 Wannsee conference

Answer 32

At the Wannsee conference, Nazi leaders decided on a final solution to the Jewish problem. This was a mass genocide, the extermination of the whole Jewish race. They built death camps largely in Poland, where Jews were to be worked to death or gassed. Six million Jews were killed by the Nazis in what came to be the Holocaust

Question 33

What was the acceleration of persecution

Answer 33

Kristallnacht
The outbreak of WW2
Invasion of the USSR
From murder to genocide
Wannsee conference

Question 34

What were the end result of Hitlers fundamental belief and ideological conviction

Answer 34

Mass murder of the Jews

Question 35

Two examples of his program of extermination

Answer 35

1. The decision to kill the Jews in the labour camps and ghettos, although they were cheap, important and irreplaceable labour force
2. Transporting Jews to the death camps by rail, although the trains were urgently needed to transport soldiers and ammunition to the war front

Question 36

Who was Rudolph Reder

Answer 36

one of the only two jews to survive Belzec, one of the death camps

Question 37

Types of people in Nazi Germany who reacted to the implementation of racism

Answer 37

Rescuers
Perpetrators
Bystander
Resisters

Question 38

Who was Oscar Schindler

Answer 38

was a member of the Nazi Party and a friendy with many SS men. He was a German businessman in Poland who profited from his connections with the Nazis

Question 39

What earned oscar a special among rescuers

Answer 39

The actions oscar took to protect jews during the holocaust.

Question 40

What did oscar do to help his jew workers get out of difficult situations

Answer 40

He used his charm and friendship with the SS

Question 41

Why did oscar decide to help the jews

Answer 41

He became appalled by the murder of many Jews who worked for him and went out of his way to take care of them

Question 42

What was the impact of Oscars efforts

Answer 42

he saved 1000 jews