Chapter 3: Building Construction Flashcards
What are the 5 major construction classifications?
Type I (Fire-resistive) Type II (Noncombustible) Type III (Ordinary Construction) Type IV (Heavy Timber) Type 5 (Wood Frame)
Type I (Fire-resistive)
This type of construction provides the highest level of protection from fire spread as well as structural collapse. All structural members are composed of noncombustible or limited-combustible materials with a high fire-resistive rating so that the structural members do not add to the fuel load.
Type II (Noncombustible)
This type is composed of materials that will not contribute to the fire development or spread. Do not add to the fuel load. Includes metal framing members, metal cladding, or concrete block wall construction, and unprotected, open web joists supporting metal roof decks.
Type III (Ordinary construction)
commonly found in mercantile, business, and residential structures and older schools. Requires that exterior walls and structural members be constructed of noncombustible or limited combustible materials. Interior walls, columns, floors, and roofs, are completely or partially constructed of wood.
Type IV (Heavy Timber)
characterized by the use of large dimension lumber or laminated wood. The dimensions of all elements, including columns, beams, joists, and girders, must adhere to minimum dimension sizing. They are stable and resistant to collapse.
Type V (Wood frame)
Exterior load bearing walls are completely built of wood. EX> single family residences and some multi-story buildings.
True or False
Manufactured homes are required to conform to the model building code.
True
True or False
When owners and contractors make unprotected holes through fire walls for pipes, wires, and ducts, the protections provided by the fire walls is not affected.
False
These unprotected holes reduce or eliminate the fire protections provided by the fire walls
True or False
Stairs in commercial buildings that are part of the required means of egress must provide portection for the occupants as they travel to safety,
True
True or False
The primary function of the roof is to protect the structure and its contents from the effects of the weather.
True
True or False
The two general types pf roof supports used in residential and commercial construction are beams and plate assemblies.
False
Beam and Truss assemblies
Trussed created from engineered materials are susceptible to early fire failure
True
True or False
Photovoltaic (PV) systems present no hazard for firefighters.
False
They post a significant risk to firefighters, Even if power is shut off to the building, the systems can retain a large amount of electricity.
True or False
Horizontal sliding doors are usually help open by a fusible link, and slide into position along a track either by gravity, or by the force of a counterweight.
True
True or False
Security bars or grilles have little effect on fire fighting or forcible entry operations
False
they have a negative effect by making entry and venting more difficult
Lightweight truss design noted by the bow shape, or curve, of the top channel
Bowstring Truss
Common type of concrete construction. Refers to concrete that is poured into forms as a liquid and assumes the shape of the form in the position and location it will be used.
Cast-in-place concrete
Weight of the structure, structural members, building components, and any other features permanently attached to the building that are constant and immobile.
Dead Load
The edge of a pitched roof that overhangs an outside wall. Attic vents in this location provide an avenue fir an exterior fire to enter the attic.
Eave
Structure that is partially or completely built in a factory and shipped to the location on which it is to be installed.
Factory-built home
Specially constructed, tested and approved fire-rated door assembly designed and installed to prevent fire spread by automatically closing and covering a doorway in a fire wall to block the spread of fire through the door opening.
Fire Door
Rating assigned to a material or assembly after standardized testing by an independent testing organization; identifies the amount of time a material or assembly will resist a typical fire, as measured on a standard time-temperature curve.
Fire-Resistance rating
Solid materials, such as wood blocks, used to prevent or limit the horizontal or vertical spread of fire and products of combustion in hollow walls or floors, above false ceilings, in penetrations for plumbing or electrical installations, in penetrations of a fire-rated assembly, or in cocklofts and crawl spaces.
Fire stop
Fire-rated wall with a specified degree of fire resistance, built of fire-resistive materials and usually extending from the foundation up to and through the roof of the building; designed to limit the spread of fire within a structure or between adjacent structures.
Fire Wall
Wooden structural members composed of many relatively short pieces of lumber glued and laminated together under pressure to form a long, extremely strong beam.
Glue-laminated beam
Metal or wooden plates used to connect and strengthen the the joints of two or more separate components (such as metal or wooden truss components) into a load bearing unit.
Gusset Plates
Metal or wooden plates used to connect and strengthen the the joints of two or more separate components (such as metal or wooden truss components) into a load bearing unit.
Gusset Plates
Light-weight door with wood, plastic, or fiberboard interior spacers separating the face panels rather than solid material.
Hollow-core door
Structure consisting of the elements of both modular design and panelized construction. Core modular units are assembled first and panels are added to complete the structure.
Hybrid Modular Structure
Horizontal structural members used to support a ceiling or floor. Drywall materials are nailed or screwed to these, and other subfloor is nailed or screwed to the floor side.
Joists
Structural support made from a long steel bar that is bent at a 90 degree angle with a flat or angular pieces welded to the top and bottom.
Lightweight Steel Truss
Wall of a building that by design carries at least some part of the structural load of the building in the direction of the ground or base.
Load-bearing Wall
Dwelling that is the assembly of 4 major components :the chassis and the floor, the wall, and roof systems: although these homes are constructed of steel, wood, plywood, aluminum, gypsum wallboard, and other materials, they are basically frame construction.
Manufactured Home
Bricks, blocks, stones, and unreinforced concrete products.
Masonry
Continuous and unobstructed way of exit travel from any point in a structure to a public way, consisting of three distinct parts; exit access, exit, and exit discharge.
Means of Egress
Structure assembles at the factory in 2 or more all inclusive sections. All utilities and millwork are installed at the factory and connected when the structure is delivered to a site.
Modular Home
Joist with a web composed of materials that so not dill the entire web space. Examples include steel bars or tubes.
Open Web Joist
A wooden structural panel formed by gluing and compressing wood strands together under pressure. This material has replaced plywood and planking in the majority of construction applications. Roof decks, wall, and subfloors are all commonly made of OSB
Oriented Strand Board (OSB)
Home assembles on site consisting of constructed panels made of foam insulation sandwiched between 2 sheets of plywood. The panels are assembled on site and require no framing members.
Panelized homes
A truss constructed with the top and bottom chords parallel. These trusses are use as floor joists in multistory buildings and as ceiling joists in buildings with flat roofs.
Parallel Chord Truss
Roof that features a solar panel array that is designed to provide electricity to the structure. existing roofs may have the panels retrofitted. Some roofs are built with the solar panels integrated into the roof surface itself.
Photovoltaic roof
Method of building construction where the concrete building member is poured and set according to specification in a controlled environment and is then shipped to the site for use.
Precast concrete
Stair with a code -required, fire-rated enclosure construction intended to protect occupants as they make their way through the stair enclosure.
Protected Stair
Steel structural members that are covered with either spray oh fire proofing ( an insulating barier) or full y encase in an Underwriters Laboratories Inc (UL) tested and approved system.
Protected steel
Horizontal member between trusses that support the roof.
Purlin
Inclined beam that supports a roof, runs parallel to the slope of the roof, and to which the roof decking is attached.
Rafter
A second roof constructed over the an existing roof. Often called a snow roof in colder climates.
Rain or Snow Roof
Concrete that is internally fortified with steel reinforcement bars or mesh placed within the concrete before it hardens. Reinforcement allows the concrete to resist tensile forces.
Reinforced concrete
The horizontal line at the junction of the top edges of two sloping surfaces.
Ridge
Door whose entire core is filled with solid material
Solid-core door
An upright post in the framework of a wall for supporting sheets of lath and plaster, wallboard, or similar material.
Stud
Structural member used to form a roof or other framework trusses from triangles or combination of triangles to provide maximum load-bearing capacity with a minimum amount of material.
Truss
