Chapter 3 - Bonding

Question 1

What two types of elements are required for an ionic bond?

Answer 1

One non-metal and one metal

Question 2

What is another name for a positive ion?

Answer 2

A Cation.

Question 3

What is another name for a negative ion?

Answer 3

An Anion.

Question 4

What is the name of the attraction between oppositely charged ions in an ionic bond?

Answer 4

Electrostatic.

Question 5

Do ionic compounds have high or low boiling points?

Answer 5

High booking points.

Question 6

Are ionic compounds soluble or insoluble?

Answer 6

Soluble.

Question 7

Can solid ionic compounds conduct electricity?

Answer 7

No they can only conduct electricity when they’re molten or aqueous.

Question 8

Do metal ions lose or gain electrons when bonding ionically?

Answer 8

Lose

Question 9

Define metallic bond.

Answer 9

The metallic bond is the attraction between the positive metal ion and the free electrons.

Question 10

Why can metals conduct electricity?

Answer 10

Because their delocalised electrons can move freely, they can carry energy.

Question 11

What is a covalent bond?

Answer 11

A singular covalent bond is a shared pair of electrons, one from one atom and one from the other.

Question 12

Why are metals malleable?

Answer 12

Because layers of metal ions can slide without breaking the electrostatic attraction.

Question 13

What is a dative covalent compound?

Answer 13

A covalent bond where both of the electrons in the shared pair are supplied by one atom.

Question 14

What are the three forces between covalent molecules?

Answer 14

1) Van der Waals
2) Permanent dipole dipole
3) Hydrogen bonds

Question 15

Which of these forces takes the most energy to break?

Answer 15

The hydrogen bonds.

Question 16

When do Van der Waals forces exist?

Answer 16

Between all simple covalent molecules and is the only force between two atoms of equal electro negativity.

Question 17

What is the most electronegative element on the periodic table?

Answer 17

Fluorine.

Question 18

When are permanent dipole dipole forces present?

Answer 18

Between two atoms which are non-polar (have slight charges/ different electro negativity)

Question 19

What is the difference between polar and non-polar molecules?

Answer 19

Polar molecules have NO charges and therefore, equal electronegativity
Non-polar molecules HAVE charges because they have different electronegativity.

Question 20

What is a temporary dipole?

Answer 20

When the majority of electrons randomly move to one side of the atom giving it a slight charge for a short time.

Question 21

What is an induced dipole?

Answer 21

When originally non charged molecules get a charge because a neighbouring molecule had a temporary dipole.

Question 22

When do hydrogen bonds occur?

Answer 22

Hydrogen’s are only present in bonds between Hydrogen and one of:
Nitrogen
Oxygen or
Fluorine

Question 23

What are lone pairs?

Answer 23

A lone pair is a pair of electrons that are not used in (left over after) covalent bonding.