Chapter 3- Bonding

Question 1

Ionic

Answer 1

Electrons are transferred from one atom to another

Question 2

Covalent

Answer 2

Electrons are shared

Question 3

What is the principle quantum number ? What happens when n is a smaller value ?

Answer 3

Energy level of an electron an an atom

Smaller n value means orbital is closer to the orbital and lower in energy

Question 4

What is the azimuthal quantum number l ? How do you determine l ? What are all the subshells

Answer 4

Describes the shape of atomic orbital
N-1
S(0) ,p(1),d(2), f (3)

Question 5

What is the Magnetic quantum number ml ?

Answer 5

Indicates the orientation of orbitals

Question 6

Node

Answer 6

Area where there is zero probability of finding an electron

Question 7

Spin quantum number ms

Answer 7

The direction of the electron in an orbital

+/- 1/2

Question 8

Bonding orbital

Answer 8

If signs of the wave function are similar there is a formation of a lower energy and more stable structure

Question 9

Antibonding orbital

Answer 9

If the signs of the wave functions are different a higher energy less stable wave function is produced

Question 10

How are sigma bonds formed ?

Answer 10

Head to head or tail to tail overlap

Question 11

What does a double bond consist of ?

Answer 11

1 sigma and 1 Pi bond

Question 12

What does a triple bond consist of ?

Answer 12

1 sigma and 2 Pi bonds

Question 13

What are the characteristics of sp3 hybridized orbital ? What kinds of bonds is this hybridization seen in ?

Answer 13

Tetrahedral geometry
25 % s character
75% p character

Single bond

Question 14

What are the characteristics of sp2 hybridized model ? Which orbital forms bonds? In what types of bonds is this hybridization seen in ?

Answer 14

33% s and 67% p
Trigonal planar geometry
Unhybridized p orbitals

Double bonds

Question 15

What are the characteristics of an so hybridized orbital ? Which orbitals form Pi bond ? What types of bonds display this hybridization?

Answer 15

Linear molecule
50% s and 50% p

2 unhybridized p orbitals

Triple bond

Question 16

Conjugation

Answer 16

Alternating single and multiple bonds which aligns unhybridized p orbitals down the backbone of the molecule through which electrons delocalize

Question 17

What are the different ways that sigma bond can be formed ? Where are the electrons found Ina sigma bond ?

Answer 17

2 s
2p
1s, 1p
Hybridized orbitals

Between nuclei on bonding atoms

Question 18

How are Pi bonds formed? Where are the electrons concentrated ?

Answer 18

Pi bonds are formed by overlap between 2 Pi orbitals

Electron density is concentrated above and below axis