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Science > Chapter 3: Body Systems > Flashcards

Chapter 3: Body Systems Flashcards

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1
Q

Define: Anus

A

A sphincter at the end of the digestive system

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2
Q

Define: Bile

A

a greenish liquid that mechanically digests fats (produced by the liver)

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3
Q

Define: Bolus

A

Food rolled into a ball by the tongue

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4
Q

Define: Chemical digestion

A

the breaking down of food into simpler chemicals to it can be absorbed into the blood stream

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5
Q

Define: Digestion

A

The process of food being Brocken down into a use able form

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6
Q

Define: Duodenum

A

The first part of the small intestine

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7
Q

Define: Epiglottis

A

the flap of skin that blocks food from entering the windpipe

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8
Q

Define: Gastric Juice

A

A mixture of chemical produced by cells in the stomach wall

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9
Q

Define: the Large Intestine

A

the final section of the digestive tract

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10
Q

Define: Liver

A

The largest internal organ. It performs over 500 different chemical processes.

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11
Q

Define: Mechanical Digestion

A

a physical change that breaks food down

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12
Q

Define: mineral

A

A substance used by living organisms for important functions like growth, repair, immunity and helping cells and organs do their job.

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13
Q

Define: Oesophagus

A

a part of the digestive tract that connects the mouth to the stomach

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14
Q

Define: Pancreas

A

An organ that produces pancreatic juice which contains chemicals that help digest fats, carbs and protein.

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15
Q

Define: Peristalsis

A

the process of relaxing and contracting the muscles to push the food into the stomach

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16
Q

Define: Protein

A

a substance that is digested into amino acids used for repair and growth.

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17
Q

Define: Saliva

A

A watery substance in the mouth that contains chemicals to begin the chemical digestion of starch

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18
Q

Define: Small Intestine

A

the longest part of the digestive tract.

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19
Q

Define: Villi

A

Microscopic “fingers” that increase the surface area of the small intestine

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20
Q

Define: Vitamin

A

Chemicals used for important jobs like growth, repair, immunity and helping cells and organs do their job

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21
Q

List the organs in the digestive tract

A

tongue (mouth), oesophagus, Stomach, The small intestine, Large intestine

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22
Q

In which part of the digestive tract are villi located?

A

Ileum, small intestine

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23
Q

What does the villi do?

A

Increase the surface area so more nutrients can be absorbed.

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24
Q

What are carbohydrates digested into?

A

Glucose

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25
Q

What are Fats digested into?

A

Fatty acids and glycerol

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26
Q

What are proteins digested into?

A

Amino Acids

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27
Q

What are vitamins and minerals used for?

A

Growth, repair, immunity and helping cells and organs do their jobs

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28
Q

What does the liver produce

A

Bile

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29
Q

List the process of digestion

A

Food is chewed in the mouth and swallowed into the oesophagus and pushed into the stomach by the action of peristalsis. In your stomach food is churned and mixed with gastric juice. It then goes into the small intestine and is churned with pancreatic juices and bile in the duodenum. The food then moved into the ileum where the food is absorbed by the blood and then absorbed by the villi. and into the large intestine. water and remaining nutrients are expelled as spool.

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30
Q

Examples of chemical digestion in our body

A

Saliva beginning of breaking down starch, the food is churned with gastric juice which begins digesting protein, the food is mixed with pancreatic juice

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31
Q

What are the 5 nutrients found in food?

A

Carbohydrates, protein, fats, vitamins, and minerals

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32
Q

Examples of mechanical digestion in our body

A

chewing, food being churned in the stomach and bile

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33
Q

What type(s) of digestion occur in the mouth?

A

Mechanical - chewing and chemical - saliva braking down carbs

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34
Q

What type(s) of digestion occur in the stomach?

A

Mechanical - the food is churned Chemical -with gastric juice.

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35
Q

What is chemically digested in the small intestine?

A

The food is mixed with chemicals from the pancreas ( pancreatic juice) in the duodenum

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36
Q

What happens to the remaining nutrients and food?

A

They are expelled as stool through the sphincter muscle

37
Q

Define: atrarium

A

The top chamber of the heart which receives the blood into the heart

38
Q

Define: Artery

A

Vessels that carry blood away from the heart pushed along by the vessel.

39
Q

Define: blood

A

A reddish liquid that carries nutrients around the body

40
Q

Define: Blood vessel

A

Structures that carry blood around the body

41
Q

Define: capillary

A

Carries the blood around as it travels through the body and exchanges nutrients with cells.

42
Q

Define: Cardiac Muscle

A

The type of muscle found in the hearr

43
Q

Define: deoxygenated blood

A

Blood with very little oxygen that has already been pumped through by the heart and goes to the lung for the carbon to be exhaled

44
Q

Define: haemoglobin

A

The pigment that gives red blood cells it’s colour

45
Q

Define: oxygenated blood

A

Blood with lots of oxygen from the lungs and is pumped around the body

46
Q

Define: Plasma

A

a yellowish liquid component of blood that that holds the blood cells in suspension it carries cells and proteins through the body

47
Q

Define: Platelets

A

Broken up bits of cells that help blood to clot.

48
Q

Define: red blood cells

A

carry oxygen from our lungs to the rest of our body

49
Q

Define: vein

A

a blood vessel that carries blood back to the heart

50
Q

Define: ventricle

A

the bottom chamber of thee heart where the blood leaves the heart

51
Q

Define: white blood cell

A

they originate from bone marrow and circulate the blood stream. they fight off viruses by attacking bacteria, helping the immune system

52
Q

What does the circulatory system carry?

A

it carries nutrients and oxygen (provided by the digestive and respiratory system) to where it’s needed n the body.

53
Q

What does the circulatory system remove from the body?

A

removes carbon dioxide from the cells

54
Q

What is the structure of an artery?

A

It’s got thick muscular walls with elastic tissues

55
Q

What is the function of an artery?

A

carries blood away from the heart

56
Q

Blood flow of an artery

A

blood pushed along by the vessel

57
Q

What is the structure of a capillary?

A

walls one cell thick and leaky

58
Q

What is the function of a capillary?

A

area of exchange between blood and tissues

59
Q

Blood flow of a capillary

A

blood flow slowed down

60
Q

What is the structure of a vein?

A

thin walls with internal valves

61
Q

What is the function of a vein?

A

they carry blood to the hart

62
Q

What is the blood flow of a vein?

A

blood pushed along by surrounding skeletal muscles

63
Q

what type of muscle is the heart?

A

cardiac

64
Q

Why is the heart referred to as a double system

A

because there are 2 seperate circuits that flow through

65
Q

What are the 4 chambers of the heart?

A

Left & right atrium, left & right ventricle

66
Q

How does blood move through the chambers?

A

it’s a one way flow and goes through the valves

67
Q

What is the difference between deoxygenated and oxygenated blood?

A

There’s no oxygen in deoxygenated blood

68
Q

Why the left ventricle wall is thicker

A

Because the left side pumps it to the whole body whereas the right side only needs to pump it to the lungs. So the left side needs to pump further.

69
Q

what are the different parts of blood?

A

red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and plasma

70
Q

what are the three functions of blood

A
  • transport oxygen, nutrients and water and rids of waste
  • Helps immunity
  • regulates body temperature
71
Q

How do we know blood isn’t a pure substance

A

Because when put in a centrifuge blood separates

72
Q

What do blood clots do?

A

They stop bleeding

73
Q

What blood cells have a nucleus?

A

White blood cells

74
Q

What blood cells have no a nucleus?

A

Red blood cells and platelets

75
Q

what does fibrin do?

A

It cases blood clots to stop bleeding

76
Q

What are red blood ells and white blood cells suspended in?

A

Plasma

77
Q

What is the function of plasma?

A

it regulates body temperature

78
Q

What is the aorta?

A

the largest artery and carries the blood to the rest of body, it receives blood from the left ventricle

79
Q

What is the Septum?

A

The wall of tissue that separates the left side from the right

80
Q

What is blue

A

Deoxygenated

81
Q

what is red

A

Oxygenated

82
Q

What is the flow of blood?

A

First loop blood travels from the heart to the lungs and then back to the heart
Second loop, blood is pumped from the heart throughout the body and then returns again to the heart.

83
Q

What is a flow diagram of the blood?

A

right ventricle -> pulmonary artery -> lungs -> pulmonary vein -> left atrium -> left ventricle -> aorta -> body -> vena cava -> right atrium -> right ventricle

84
Q

What is the inferior vena cava?

A

carries deoxygenated blood from the lower part of the body

85
Q

What is the pulmonary vein?

A

veins that cary blood from the lungs to the heart

86
Q

What is the Superior vena cava?

A

Receives deoxygenated blood from the upper part of the body

87
Q

what is the Pulmonary artery?

A

carries blood to the lungs

88
Q

does the right ventricle/atrium receive oxygenated or deoxygenated blood?

A

deoxygenated

89
Q

does the left ventricle/atrium receive oxygenated or deoxygenated blood?

A

oxygenated

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