Chapter 3 Biochemistry

Question 1

Organic compounds

Answer 1

Compounds composed mostly out of carbon

Question 2

Functional group

Answer 2

A cluster of atoms found in most organic compounds. Influences characteristics of molecules they compose

Question 3

Monomer

Answer 3

A small simple molecule

Question 4

Polymer

Answer 4

Chain of many individual things

Question 5

Macromolecule

Answer 5

A large polymer

Question 6

Condensation reaction

Answer 6

The reaction in which monomers link to form polymers

Question 7

Hydrolysis

Answer 7

A reaction where water is used to break apart a polymer

Question 8

Adenosine triphospate (ATP)

Answer 8

A compound that stores energy

Question 9

Carbohydrate

Answer 9

An organic compound made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of 1:2:1

Question 10

Monosaccharide

Answer 10

Monomer of a carbohudrate Aka simple sugar. Contains a 1:2:1 ratio of carbon hydrogen oxygen

Question 11

Disaccharide

Answer 11

Aka double sugar. Two monosaccharides combine through condensation reaction, forming this.

Question 12

Polysaccharide

Answer 12

A complex molecule made of three or more monosaccharides

Question 13

Protein

Answer 13

A organic compound made mostly of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen

Question 14

Amino acid

Answer 14

A monomer. Building block of life, forms proteins when linked.

Question 15

Peptide bond

Answer 15

A covalent bond formed when a dipeptide is made. (Two amino acids bond)

Question 16

Polypeptide

Answer 16

A very long chain of amino acids. Proteins are made of these

Question 17

Enzyme

Answer 17

A RNA or protein molecule that acts as a biological catalyst

Question 18

Substrate

Answer 18

The reactant being catalysed by an enzyme

Question 19

Active site

Answer 19

Folds in an enzyme that allow a substrate to be catalysed by having a specific shape to fit a substrate

Question 20

Lipid

Answer 20

A large nonpolar (equal charge throughout) molecule that doesn’t dissolve in water.

Question 21

Fatty acid

Answer 21

An unbranched carbon chain. These make up most lipids

Question 22

Phospholipid

Answer 22

Lipids that have two opposed to three fatty acids attached to glycerol. It has a phosphate group attached to where the third fatty acid would be

Question 23

Wax

Answer 23

A type of structural lipid consisting of a long fatty acid chain joined to a long alcohol chain

Question 24

Steroid

Answer 24

A molecule composed of four fused carbon rings with various functional groups attached to them

Question 25

Nucleic acid

Answer 25

A very large and complex organic molecule, stores and transfers important info in the cell

Question 26

DNA

Answer 26

Contains info that determines what the organism will be like and directs cell activity.

Question 27

RNA

Answer 27

Stores and transfers DNA information. Also can act as an enzyme.

Question 28

Nucleotide

Answer 28

DNa and RNA are made of these monomers. Each is made of three main parts: phosphate group, five carbon sugar and a ring shaped nitrogenus base