Chapter 3 Basic measures and statistical concepts

Question 1

Levels of measurement: Properties of measurement scales= Magnitude, equal intervals, and absolute zero. Explain

Answer 1

Magnitude= The property of moreness.
Equal intervals= The differences between
all points on the scale are uniform and
continuous data is generated. Where the
difference between points on a scale is not the same, categorical data is generated.
Absolute zero= There is nothing present

Question 2

Categories of measurement levels

Answer 2

Categoricall
Nominal= Numbers are assigned to an attribute to describe it/name it.
Ordinal= Numbers are assigned to objects that reflect some sequential ordering or amounts to an attribute.

Continuous
Interval=Equal numerical differences can be interpreted as corresponding to equal differences in the characteristics being measured.
Ratio= Equal differences can be interpreted as reflecting equal differences in the characteristic being measured. Has an absolute zero that indicates the complete absence of what is being measured. This allows for meaningful interpretation.

Question 3

Describe the 2 measurement errors

Answer 3

Random measurement error= Errors of measurement that function in a random systematic manner. Can arise from various chance factors.
Systematic measurement error= Constant error of measurement that occurs when all test scores are excessively high or low

Question 4

Measurement Scales

Answer 4

• Category scales
• Likert-type scales
• Semantic differential scales
• Intensity scales
• Constant-sum scales
• Paired-comparison scales
• Graphic rating scales
• Forced-choice scales
• Ipsative scales
• Guttman scales

Question 5

Statistical concepts

Answer 5

normal distribution
measure of central tendency
measures of variability
measures of association