Chapter 3: Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards
A ________ originating in the ANS is transmitted to a ________ of secondary nerve cells for __________.
stimulus, ganglion, processing
p. 55
The nerves of the ganglion relay the stimulus to their _____ ____, each of which terminates as a disc called a ______ that covers the receptors of a _______ cell or ________ ______ cell.
nerve ends
bouton
cardiac, arterial muscle
(p. 55)
The terminal ends (boutons) of sympathetic nerves secrete ______________ which activates __________ receptors.
norepinephrine
adrenergic
(p. 56)
In the heart, the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems have opposite functions. Interestingly, the _______________ exercises some ______ _______ of the sympathetic.
parasympathetic
direct control
(p. 56)
The terminal parasympathetic nerve ends (boutons) secrete the neurotransmitter _____________, which ___________ activates ___________ receptors.
acetylcholine, exclusively, cholinergic
p. 56
The effects of Beta1 activation include:
- ) ___________ the __ node to ____ faster
- ) ________ __ node conduction and accelerating conduction through the atrial and ventricular __________
- ) Increasing the _____ __ __________ ___________
- ) Increasing the ____________ of ______ and __________ ____________ ____ and minimally affects ventricular ____.
stimulating, SA, pace
improving AV, myocardium
force of myocardial contraction
irritability, atrial, junctional automaticity foci, foci
(p. 57)
Epinephrine is secreted into the blood by the _______ _______, and is an ____ ____ ______ stimulator of the heart’s B1 receptors.
adrenal glands, even more potent
p. 57
There are ___ vagus nerves, ____ and _____. Each vagus nerve supplies the _____ and __ _____.
two, left and right
heart and g.i. tract
(p. 58)
Parasympathetic nerves release ______________, which actives cardiac ___________ receptors (most of which are in the _____) to produce a cardiac __________ effect.
acetylcholine cholinergic atria inhibitory (p. 58)
Converse to the heart, the gastrointestinal tract is __________ by its parasympathetic innervation.
stimulated
p. 58
The cardiac inhibitory effects of acetylcholine are:
- ) inhibition of the __ ____, decreasing the heart ____.
- ) decrease in the speed of __________ ___________, and depression of the __ ____.
- ) diminishing of the _____ of __________ ___________
- ) depression of ____________ of ____________ ____, mainly those in the _____ and __ junction.
- ) SA node, rate
- ) myocardial conduction, AV node
- ) force of myocardial contraction
- ) irritability of automaticity foci, atria, AV
(p. 58)
What is the body’s main parasympathetic pathway?
Therefore the phrase “parasympathetic stimulation of the heart” is synonymous with…
the vagus nerves
vagal stimulation, which is inhibitory
p. 58
Excessive parasympathetic stimulation of the GI tract causes symptoms such as…
…severe vomiting, painful/crampy diarrhea
p. 58
Sympathetic stimulation of arterial alpha1 receptors __________ ________ throughout the body.
constricts arteries (p. 59)
The alpha1 receptors are more responsive to ______________ than to circulating ___________.
norepinephrine
epinephrine
(p. 59)