Chapter 3 - Attachment Flashcards
1
Q
What is PRIVATION?
A
When a child has been UNABLE to form an attachment in the first place
2
Q
What are some examples of where and how privation can take place?
A
- If the child has been severely neglected
- If they’ve been brought up in a children’s home or an orphanage, these are places where there are too many children to be cared for properly, especially emotionally
3
Q
What are the EFFECTS of privation?
A
- They could have poor motor skills - that is, movement
- Might have poor language and social skills
- behavioural problems
- emotional difficulties
- they may have difficulty forming relationships later on in their lives
4
Q
What is DEPRIVATION?
A
- When an attachment has been formed, but it has been broken.
- This is because there is a temporary (short term) or permanent (long term) separation from the attachment figure.
5
Q
Short term deprivation
A
Can happen if the family uses daycare
6
Q
Long term deprivation
A
- Can happen if child or attachment figure - usually mother - ends up in hospital
- Can happen after a divorce or the death of a parent
7
Q
What are the effects of deprivation?
A
- If child is deprived, they can become clingy and over demanding
- If it continues into adulthood, it can make adults depressed and aggressive
(If initial attachment is good, something like daycare is unlikely to cause too many problems)
8
Q
What is the core theory?
A
Bowlby’s theory aka the evolutionary theory (1957)
9
Q
Who was John Bowlby?
A
- A child psychologist
- He was interested in how children develop attachments w/ their primary caregivers
- Believed in monotropy, mother plays a large role in child’s development
- Believed quality of first relationship will affect future relationships
- Believed in critical period
10
Q
Monotropy
A
- ONE main attachment
- Mother has a unique role in a child’s development
- Special focus of attachment towards a particular person
11
Q
Critical period
A
- 1.5-3 years
- period where attachment needs to develop
- Period where baby is particularly oriented towards trying to interact w/ adults
- If main career fails to respond to social releasers during this period, then main opportunity is lost and it will be harder for child to form attachment later
- This means, in practice, during this period main career must be present and attentive if Bowlbys theory is correct
12
Q
What did Bowlby propose?
A
That attachment had developed through a process of evolution
13
Q
BOWLBY: THE EVOLUTIONARY THEORY (explain)
A
- Purpose of attachment behaviours is to keep young child or animal safe
- A million or so years ago, humans lived in small settlements and faced real threats from predators like wolves
- By seeming proximity to a stronger adult by signalling distress when left alone and returning from exploring for regular visits to their parents, Stone Age children would greatly enhance their chance of survival
- Attachments of adults towards children further increases chance of child’s survival - attached parents are motivated to keep them close and defend them from predators
14
Q
What are social releasers?
A
- Bowlby suggested children are born programmed to behave in ways that encourage attention from adults
- Their purpose is to release instinctive parenting skills in adults
- ‘cute’ behaviours
15
Q
What are some examples of some social releasers?
A
- Smiling
- Cooing
- Gesturing
- Gripping
- Crying
- Sulking
