Chapter 3 And 4 Psych

Question 1

Sensation

Answer 1

The process of receiving stimulus energies from the external environment

Question 2

Perception

Answer 2

The process of organizing and interpreting sensory information so that it makes sense

Question 3

Bottom up process

Answer 3

Operation in sensation and perception in which sensory receptors register info about the external environment and send it up to the brain for interpretation

I.e listenimg to a song for the first time…brain inteprets

Question 4

Top down processing

Answer 4

Cognitive processing at the brains higher levels that allows an organism to sense what is happening and to apply framework to info of the world

I.e. thinking about a song creates perceptual experience in mind ear

Question 5

Chemoreception

Answer 5

Detection of chemical stimuli SMELL OR TASTE

Question 6

Thermoreception

Answer 6

Respond to temperature changes

Question 7

Mechanoreception

Answer 7

Detection of pressure, vibration, and movement perceived as TOUCH, HEARING, EQUILIBRIUM

Question 8

Photoreception

Answer 8

Detection of light, perceived as SIGHT

Question 9

Absolute threshold

Answer 9

The minimum amount of stimulus energy that person can detect

Question 10

Difference threshold

Answer 10

Degree of difference that must exist between 2 stimuli before the difference is detected

Question 11

Cocktail party affect

Answer 11

Selective attention

The ability to focus on one voice among many in a crowded airline terminal or restaurant

Question 12

Inattentional blindness

Answer 12

Failure to detect unexpected events when attention is engaged by a task

I.e video of basketball players and gorilla moonwalking

Question 13

Pupil

Answer 13

Black dot in center of iris

Regulates the amount of light that enters the eye

Question 14

Sclera

Answer 14

White outter part of eye helps to maintain shape of eye and protect from injury

Question 15

Retina

Answer 15

Multilayered light sensitive surface in the eye that records electromagnetic energy ans converts it to neural impulses for processing in the brain
Contains rods and cones

Question 16

Iris

Answer 16

Color part of the eye

Question 17

Lens

Answer 17

Transparent somewhat flexible disklike structure
 function with the cornea is to bend light falling on surface of the eye just enough to focus it on the back

Question 18

Convergence

Answer 18

A binocular cue to depth and distance in which the muscle movements in an individuals 2 eyes provide info on how deep and/or far away something is

Question 19

Perceptual constancy

Answer 19

The recognition that objects are constant and unchanging even though sensory inout about them is changing

Question 20

Consciousness

Answer 20

An individuals awareness of external events and internal sensations under a condition of arousal, including awareness of the self and thoughts about ones experiences

Question 21

Automatic processing

Answer 21

States of consciousness that require little attention and do not interfere with ongoing activities
( texting while talking to someone else)

Question 22

Altered state of consciousness

Answer 22

Mental states that are noticeably different from normal awareness
Can range from losing one sense of self consciousness to hallucination
Can be produced by drugs, trauma, fear, fatigue, meditation, sleep deprivation

Question 23

Circadian rhythm

Answer 23

Daily Behavioral or physiological cycles that involve the sleep-wake cycle, body temperature, blood pressure, blood sugar level

Question 24

Nightmares

Answer 24

Frightening dream that awakens a dreamer from REM sleep -common
Peak age 3 to 6 years old

Question 25

Night terrors

Answer 25

Sudden arousal from sleep or intense fear
Accompanied by rapid heart rate and breathing, loud screams, at least wear them, and movement
Occurring during slow wave - less common
Ages 5 to 7