Chapter 3: Anatomy Physiology

Question 1

What are the three types of joints? (3)

Answer 1

• Fibrous Joints
• Cartilaginous Joints
• Synovial Joints

Question 2

Fibrous Joints (3)

Answer 2

• Have no joint cavities and are connected with strong fibrous connective tissues.
• Permits little to no movement.
• Seen in sutures of the skull, between Radius and Ulna.

Question 3

Cartilaginous Joints (3)

Answer 3

• Connected with (fibro)cartilaginous tissue.
• Permits partial movement.
• Seen between ribs and sternum or between vertebrae.

Question 4

Synovial Joints (2)

Answer 4

• Moves freely within structural limits.
• Cushions the bones and creates a frictionless environment.

Question 5

What are the three components of the synovial joint? (3)

Answer 5

1) Articular Capsule - encloses the synovial joints and unites the bones at the periosteum of the articulating bones, which adds strength while maintaining its mobility.

2) Synovial membrane - is comprised of connective tissue and adipose tissue, which lines the inner layer of the articular capsule.

3) Synovial fluid - is secreted within the synovial membrane and provides nourishment and lubrication to the articular cartilage.

Question 6

What are the four functions of a connective tissue? (4)`

Answer 6

1) Binds together and supports other tissues.
2) Protects and insulates internal organs.
3) Compartmentalize structures (skeletal muscles).
4) Fibers provide strength and support for the tissues.

Question 7

What are the three types of fibers found in connective tissues? (3)

Answer 7

1) Collagen fibers
2) Elastic fibers
3) Reticular fibers

Question 8

Collagen fibers (2)

Answer 8

• Parallel bundling of fibers resist pulling forces, and allows partial flexibility.
• Found in bones, cartilages, tendons, ligaments.

Question 9

Elastic fibers (3)

Answer 9

• Smaller than collagen fibers; freely branch and re-attaches to one another.
• Provides strength and stretches up 1.5x without damage.
  -Found in lungs, blood vassals and skin.

Question 10

Reticular fibers (3)

Answer 10

• Much smaller than elastic fibers; forms a network around fat cells, nerve fibers, skeletal muscle and smooth muscle cells.
• The mesh structure supports, strengthen and acts as a framework for soft organs and blood vessel walls.
• Found in blood and adipose tissues also acts as a connective tissues.

Question 11

Tendons (2)

Answer 11

Created by collagen and elastic fibers to resist tension and stretching.
- Fibrous tissue that connects skeletal muscles to bones.
- Can be ruptured but much stronger than muscle and periosteum.

Question 12

Ligaments (3)

Answer 12

Created by collagen and elastic fibers to resist tension and stretching.
- Connects bone-to-bone and provides integrity and strength in and out of synovial joints.
- Very strong but less elastic and more prone to tears.
- Can be permanently lengthened.