Chapter 3 Anatomy and Physiology

Question 1

What does the presence of many mitochondria imply about a cell’s energy requirements?

Answer 1

A. It is a high demand for energy

Question 2

Cells lining the small intestine have numerous finger like projections on their free surface that contain microvilli. What is the function of microvilli?

Answer 2

B to increase the cell’s surface area and absorptive ability

Question 3

Certain cells in the ovaries and testes contain large amounts of smooth endooplasmic reticulum(SER). why?

Answer 3

D to produce large amounts of steroid hormones

Question 4

Which of the listed organelles is non membranous and correctly paired with its function?

Answer 4

B ribosomes/ protein synthesis

Question 5

Which statement correctly distinguishes between cytoplasm and cytosol?

Answer 5

B. cytosol is the intracellular fluid and is composed of nutrients, ions, proteins, and wastes, while cytoplasm is the term for all material located between the cell membrane and nucleus.

Question 6

Which component of the cell membrane is primarily responsible for the membrane’s ability to form a physical barrier between the cell’s internal and external environments?

Answer 6

A. phospholipid bilayer

Question 7

Which transport process involves the movement of a substance down a concentration gradient, without using ATP and utilizing a carrier protein?

Answer 7

A. facilitated diffusion

Question 8

Which of the following methods of carrier mediated transport is paired with its function?

Answer 8

D. both b and c

Question 9

What term below describes the cell membrane?

Answer 9

A. semipermeable

Question 10

Define “selectively permeable” as it applies to the cell membrane.

Answer 10

B. It is a membrane that allows the free passage of some molecules but restricts the passage of others

Question 11

Which type of integral protein allows water and small ions to pass through the cell membrane?

Answer 11

C. channel proteins

Question 12

Some pediatricians recommend the use of 10% salt solution to relieve congestion for infants with stuffy noses. What effect would such a solution have on the cells lining the nasal cavity, and why?

Answer 12

A. cells will lose water because this is a hypertonic solution

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a function of membrane proteins?

Answer 13

C. the production of energy for the cell

Question 14

How would a decrease in the concentration of oxygen in the lungs affect the diffusion of oxygen into the blood?

Answer 14

d. A decrease in gradient size results in decreased speed of diffusion

Question 15

Cancer may result mutations in

Answer 15

D all of the above

Question 16

Which of the following stages of mitosis is correctly paired with the events of that stage?

Answer 16

A. anaphase/ chromatid pairs seperate and daughter chrocentromeresmosomes are pulled to opposite ends of the cell

Question 17

What is so special about osmosis, compared with diffusion?

Answer 17

d. b and c are correct

Question 18

What are two reasons that mRNA transcription is so vital?

Answer 18

b. DNA cannot leave the nucleus and transcription ensures that mRNA exactly matches the coding