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Pathology > Chapter 3 - Acute and Chonic Inflammation; Tissue Repair > Flashcards

Chapter 3 - Acute and Chonic Inflammation; Tissue Repair Flashcards

1
Q

Response of vascularized tissues to infections and tissue damage

A

Inflammation

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2
Q

Mediators of defense

A

Phagocytic leokocytes, antibodies, and complement proteins

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3
Q

Inflammatory reaction steps

A
  1. Offending agent recognized by host cells
  2. Leukocytes and plasma proteins are recruited to the site of the offending agent
  3. Eliminate the offending agent
  4. Reaction controlled and terminated
  5. Repair
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4
Q

Main characteristics of acute inflammation

A

Edema

Emigration of leukocytes predominantly neutrophils

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5
Q

Cells that detect presence of infection

A

Macrophage
Dendritic cells
Mast cells

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6
Q

T/F: Inflammatory mediators are also produced by plasma proteins

A

True

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7
Q

External manifestations or cardnal signs of inflammation

A 
Swelling (tumor)
Pain (dolor)
Heat (calor)
Redness (rubor)
Loss of function (functio laesa)
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8
Q

Father of modern pathology

A

Rudolf Virchow

also discovered functio laesa

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9
Q

Causes of Inflammation

A

Infections
Tissue necrosis
Foreign bodies
Immune reactions

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10
Q

Toll like receptor

A

Located in plasma membrane and endosomes
Detect microbes
Recognize motifs called pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP)

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11
Q

Receptors that recognize molecules which are liberated or altered as a consequence of cell damage or DAMP

A

Cytosolic receptors

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12
Q

Cytosolic receptors activate a complex called

A

Inflammasome

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13
Q

Inflammasome induces production of

A

Cytokine interleukin-1 (IL-1)

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14
Q

What is IL-1

A

Activated by inflammasomes

Induces inflammation by recruiting leukocytes

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15
Q

Circulating protein that recognized microbial sugars, promotes ingestion of microbes and activates complement system

A

Mannose-binding lectin

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16
Q

Circulating proteins that bind to microbes and promote phagocytosis

A

Collectins among others

17
Q

Three major components of inflammation

A

Dilation of small vessels: increased blood flow
Increase permeability of microvasculature
Emigration of the leukocytes

18
Q

Vascular reactions of acute inflammation

A

Changes in blood flow

Permeability of vessels

19
Q

Escape of fluid, protein, and blood cells from the vascular system to the interstitial tissues

A

Exudation

20
Q

Extravascular fluid that has high protein concentration and contains cellular debris

A

Exudate

21
Q

Fluid with low protein content, little or no cellular material, low specific gravity

A

Transudate

22
Q

What does an exudate indicates?

A

Increase in permeability of small blood vessels

23
Q

What does a transudate indicate?

A

Ultrafiltrate of blood plasma

Result of osmotic or hydrostatic imbalance across vessels with normal permeability

24
Q

Denotes excess of fluid in the interstitial tissue

A

Edema

25
Q

Exudate rich in leukocytes, debris of dead cells, and microbe

A

Pus

26
Q

TF: Vasodilation may be preceded by vasoconstriction

A

True

27
Q

Vasodilation involves what blood vessels

A

Arterioles the opening of capillary beds

28
Q

Vasodilation is followed by

A

Increased permeability of the microvasculature and outpouring of exudate

29
Q

Acute Inflammation: Loss of fluid and increased vessel diameter lead to

A

Slower blood flow
Conentration of red cells in small vessels
Increased viscosity

Which then results to:
Stasis of blood
Vascular congestion
Erythema

30
Q

AI: Mechanisms responsible for increased vascular permeability

A

Retraction of endothelial cells
Endothelial injury
Transocytosis

31
Q

AI: Retraction of endothelial cells after exposure occur within how many minutes

A

15 - 30mins

32
Q

AI: referred to as the immediate transient response

A

Retraction if endothelial cells

33
Q

AI: main site for rapid increase in vascular permeability

A

Postcapillary venules

Pathology (3 decks)

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