Chapter 3

Question 1

What is a infectious diseases?

Answer 1

Infectious diseases are those that can spread from a person, insect or object that have been in contact with the disease
Resulting from contact with a pathogen
Most common pathogens are virus and bacteria
Bacteria are everywhere
Divide rapidly under ideal conditions
Many cause homeostatic imbalances
Treated with antibiotics
Penicillin, erythromycin, tetracycline

Question 2

What does a virus need to survive?

Answer 2

Viruses need a host to survive
Cause many diseases
Hard to treat (some have no treatment/cure)
Once contracted, some live indefinitely in the body
Lessen the impact of the symptoms they cause

Question 3

What are the four conditions for a bloodborne pathogen to spread?

Answer 3

1. A pathogen is present
2. There is a sufficient number of pathogen present
3. The pathogen passes through the correct entry site
4. A person is susceptible to the pathogen

Question 4

How do bloodborne pathogens spread?

Answer 4

Direct contact
Infected blood or body fluids from one person enter another person at the correct entry site
Touch, splash, laceration, puncture
Indirect contact
Touching an object that has been infected with a pathogen that then enter through an enter site
Hepatitis B virus, Hepatitis C virus, HIV
Highest risk is unprotected direct or indirect contact with infected blood

Question 5

What are the standard precaution for bloodborne pathogens?

Answer 5

Safety measures to prevent infection from blood and body fluids
Always consider body fluids and substance as infectious

These precautions and practices include:
Personal hygiene
Frequent hand washing
Page 29 for proper hand washing technique
Alcohol based hand sanitizers can also be used, but handwashing is the best method.

Question 6

What personal thing precaution can you take?

Answer 6

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Disposable, single use gloves
Remove rings, jewelry, etc before putting on gloves
Cover any cuts and scrapes prior to contact
Wear masks or dust shields to reduce infection from fluids that may splash
What if no PPE is available?
Cleaning up
Use gloves, clean up immediately, use absorbent/ single use paper towels, wipe up with 1part bleach/9 parts water

Question 7

What are the legal consideration when dealing with a victim?

Answer 7

Obtaining consent…
If conscious, a victim has the right to refuse or accept care.
Identify who you are, level of training, and what care you would like to give
Referred to a expressed consent
If unconscious, you can assume that person would want care
This would be considered as implied consent
Also used for a minor when parents can’t be found for consent

Question 8

What are good Samaritan laws?

Answer 8

Give legal protection to people who willing provide are to an injured person without accepting anything in return
Acts as a reasonable and prudent person
Doesn’t exceed the scope of individual’s training
Vary from state to state
Box 3-1
If you begin care, you need to continue care until someone takes over, or ????
May be subject to abandonment if you stop

Question 9

Move the victim only when you can do so safely if there is immediate danger of?

Answer 9

Fire
Presence of toxic gas
Risk of drowning
Risk of explosion
Collapsing structure
Uncontrollable traffic hazards

Question 10

What limitation do you have to consider when moving a victim?

Answer 10

Consider limitations to moving a victim
Dangerous conditions at the scene
Size of the victim
Your physical ability
Whether others can help you or not
The victims condition
Guidelines to follow (page 34-36)
When attempting to reach a victim, remember your safety is the most important consideration

Question 11

What is the main objective when moving a victim?

Answer 11

Objective is to move a person to safety without injuring yourself or further injuring the victim

Question 12

What is the proper technique for walk assist?

Answer 12

One or two rescuers
Conscious victim
Arm is placed across your shoulders and held in place with the outside hand
Other arm is wrapped behind the victim
Not appropriate if you suspect head, neck, or back injury

Question 13

What is the proper technique for pack strap carry?

Answer 13

Single rescuer (two required if victim is unconscious)
Back to victim, victims arms over shoulder so rescuers shoulders are under victims armpits
Cross arms in front of you, lean forward, stand up and walk to safety
Not appropriate to use if head, neck, or back injury is suspected

Question 14

What is the proper technique for Two-person seat carry?

Answer 14

Requires two responders
Responders face each other and interlock arms
Lower arms go behind thighs and upper arms go under victims shoulders
Victim puts his/her arms over responders shoulders
Used for a conscious victim not seriously injured

Question 15

What is the proper technique for clothes drag?

Answer 15

Used on a conscious or unconscious victim suspected of a head, neck, or back injury
Grasp clothing behind the shoulders
Support the head and neck with the forearms
Pull the victim to safety

Question 16

What is the proper technique for blanket drag?

Answer 16

Use with one responder for a conscious or unconscious person suspected of having a head, neck or spinal injury when equipment is limited.
Roll the person as a unit onto their side, place blanket, then gently roll them back
Gather blanket above the head and pull to safety.

Question 17

What is the proper technique for ankle drag?

Answer 17

Use with one responder when a person is too large to carry or move in any other way.
It is not appropriate to do if you suspect that the person has a head, neck or spinal injury.

Question 18

what are the top priority to ensure safety?

Answer 18

Use with one responder when a person is too large to carry or move in any other way.
It is not appropriate to do if you suspect that the person has a head, neck or spinal injury.