Chapter 3 Flashcards
What are the 6 functions of a good classification system
1) Organization of clinical info- essentials of patients condition
2) Shorthand communication- interchange of important info about disorder
3) Prediction of natural development- long term and short term
4) Treatment Recommendations- what treatment approach needed
5) Heuristic Value - theory building
6) Guidelines for financial support - different insurance
Perfect diagnostic system
1) study of presenting symptoms
2) etiology
3) Prognosis
4) Response to treatment
what is comorbidity?
when symptoms overlap
1952 DSM- I and DSM- II published by American Psychiatric Association
- not accurate
- based of psychoanalytic theory
DSM- III (1980) and DSM- III-R (1987)
- more empirically based
- A-theoretical: largely observable causes and etiology
ex/ fighting with hands shows hyperactivity
DSM- III-R consisted of 2 other factors
Polytheistic: AN individual can meet diagnostic criteria without all the symptoms listed - ex 5/9 symptoms
Multiaxial: In addition to primary diagnosis, also need to have info regarding individuals functioning
DSM-IV (1994) DSM- IV-TR (2000) 5 different Axis what are they?
1) Major mental disorders
2) Personality disorders and mental retardation
3) Relevant medical conditions
4) Relevant life circumstances
5) General functioning
What was the process of developing DSM 5?
- evaluation of DSM-IV
- Work groups- reviewing the current literature
- Field trials- clinicians trying out new diagnosis
- post and receive feedback on DSM 5
- “Summit committee” vote
What structural and organizational changes were made to DSM
Revised organizational structure -movement of disorders from one class to another
Creation of Sections II and III
- Section II: Official diagnostic criteria
- Section III: Optional dimensional, cultural, and alternative personality disorder model
Emphasized dimensional approach
more cultural consideration
What was deleted from DSM 5 and replaced
Multi-axial system deleted
Global assessment function deleted
Not otherwise specified Replaced with other specified disorder or unspecified disorder
whats difference between discrete and continuum approach?
DSM -5 Categorical: is the discrete approach which is you either have the disorder of you do not no in-between
Dimensional: is the continuum approach because the disorders can range from mild, medium, severe etc.
- difficulty knowing how many dimensions per disorder
- difficulty knowing how to score and assess severity
Explain important of reliability for DSM
Reliable: Must give the same measurement each time it is used
Inter-rater reliability: the rate in which 2 individuals give the same diagnosis to a patient
-reliability is low when to physicians don’t agree
Explain validity for the DSM
Valid: meaning that it will measure what it is supposed to measure
What are the 3 types of validity?
Construct validity: How well does the measurement/ diagnosis capture the real thing
Concurrent validity: The ability of the diagnostic category to relate and associate with other common factors that aren’t directly apart of the diagnostic criteria
Predictive validity: ability to test and predict future course of disorder
Process issues with DSM 5
-making decisions regarding diagnoses often comes down to votes instead of research
