Chapter 3

Question 1

Define risk

Answer 1

The chance of a loss. Specifically, the possible loss or destruction of property or the possible incurring of a liability. Sometimes referred to as the subject of an insurance contract

Question 2

Peril defined

Answer 2

A peril is an event that may cause injury, loss, or destruction. It may be natural or human made event. A peril may or may not be insurable.

Question 3

What is a fortuitous event?

Answer 3

The concept of fortuity is fundamental to insurance: insurable perils are accidental events. The property insurance policy is not intended to be a maintenance policy, intentional acts ( for example, arson by the owner) an expected events for example wear and tear on a property are excluded)

Question 4

Define named perils policy

Answer 4

A policy in which the perils insured against are listed as opposed to one that insured against are listed as opposed to one that insures against “ all risks “

Question 5

All- risk policy defined

Answer 5

A named given to an insurance policy that covers each and every loss except for those that are specifically excluded. If the insurer does not exclude it, then if is automatically covered. This is the broadest type of policy that can be purchased

Question 6

What does named perils cover?

Answer 6

Named perils coverage insures against direct physical loss or damage caused by only listed perils. The onus is on the insured to prove the loss or damage was caused by an insured peril and that no exclusion of coverage applies. Names perils tend to vary between personal and commercial property forms

Question 7

What does all risk coverage cover ?

Answer 7

All risks coverage insures against direct physical loss or damage caused by any peril provided it is not excluded and the insured satisfies the other conditions of the policy. The insured has to prove that loss or damage to the insured property at an insured location occured during the policy term and that the loss was fortuitous. But the onus is on the insurer to prove that an exclusion applies otherwise the physical damage is insured

Question 8

Specified perils

Answer 8

Perils insured against that are specifically named in a policy losses resulting from the perils listed are covered under the policy. This is the flip side of all risk coverage where losses resulting from the perils listed are excluded

Question 9

Exclusions

Answer 9

All property policies, whether for named perils or all risks contain exclusions. Exclusions remove certian losses from the policy coverage. Losses are usually excluded in two different ways

1. They list types of property that are not insured
2. They list perils that are never insured against or sometimes not insured against

Question 10

Fire - what is a friendly fire or hostile fire ?

Answer 10

Combustion manifested in light, flame, and heat, for useful purposes ( friendly fire ) or destructive purposes ( hostile fire )

Question 11

What is the first IBCs named perils that is included in all names peril forms ?

Answer 11

Fire. It includes any uncontrolled or unintended ignition, howsoever caused. By the provincial statute, a fire insurance policy may only exclude fire if it results from:

Property undergoing a heat process
Riot or civil commotion, war, invasion, act of foreign enemy, hostilities ( whether war declared or not ) civil war, rebellion, revolution, insurrection, or military power a collection of perils often called war risks

Radio active contamination/ loss by a nuclear incident

Question 12

What does innocent co- insureds mean?

Answer 12

If the spouse of an arsonist was not involved in the act and didn’t know of it he or she would still be covered for his or her share of the property damage.

Question 13

Lightening is the second peril included. What does the statute of provincial and territorial insurance acts state?

Answer 13

Provincial and territorial insurance acts, a fire insurance policy must cover loss due to lightening but loss to electrical devices or appliances caused by lightening or other electrical currents are not covered unless fire originates outside the article itself and then only loss caused by that fire is covered

Question 14

Explosion is the third of IBCs named perils, what is covered under explosion and what is excluded (personal property)

Answer 14

In the insurance acts fire insurance extends to explosion of natural coal or manufactured gas in a building not forming part of gas works, whether fire ensures or not. But this coverage does not apply if the explosion is the result of a riot, civil commotion, or any of the other excluded causes listed for the fire peril. Explosion excluded water hammer ( the shock wave created by closing a faucet or tap )

Question 15

Commercial property explosion forms

Answer 15

In commercial property forms the explosion peril often excludes loss caused by the explosion, rupture, or bursting of most boilers and pressure vessels and their associated piping and apparatus where the maximum normal internal working pressure exceeds 15 pounds per square inch above atmospheric pressure. The explosion and mechanical and electrical breakdown perils are insured by a specific equipment breakdown policy, which is outside of IBCs scope

Question 16

Smoke ( 4th named peril )

Answer 16

Smoke is the fourth of IBCs named perils and is included in all the named perils forma. In IBCs named perils forma. Smoke means smoke due to sudden unusual and faulty operation of any heating or cooling unit in or on the premises but not smoke from a fire place. IBCs all risks forms, smoke howsoever caused is covered, except for smoke from agricultural smudging and industrial operations. Loss caused by such is excluded because it comes from a friendly fire

Question 17

Falling object

Answer 17

Falling object is the fifth of IBCs named perils and is included in all the named perils forma in the IBCs named perils forma falling object means any falling object that strikes the exterior of the building: for example, a tree blown down during a storm and striking the building, causing damage to the building and property inside. The peril would also encompass a strike by meteorite or by an object ejected from an aircraft or from part of decayed satellite

Question 18

Impact by aircraft or land vehicle

Answer 18

Impact means loss of or damage to insured property causes by being struck by an aircraft or land vehicle. Animals considered personal property are often struck by vehicles. They are not covered under this peril. The perils excludes loss caused by any vehicle owned or operated by the insured or any of the insured employees. Wear and tear such as might occur when delivery trucks repeatedly strike the loading dock and corners of a building are not covered

Question 19

Riot

Answer 19

Riot Is the seventh of IBCs named perils and is included in all the names perils forma. In the IBCs personal forms ( both for named perils and for all risks) riot is not defined. Still it has precise legal meaning which he briefly states as:

An act or threat of violence by one or more persons who are part of an assembly of three or more persons

That might give rise to damage to property or injury to persons

Strikers inside or outside the premises who have quitted work and locked out employees

Question 20

Vandalism or malicious acts

Answer 20

Vandalism or malicious acts is normally the eighth of IBCS named perils.

Vandalism means: wilful or malicious destruction of or damage to property. The term malicious damage originally identified a peril in property insurance but was later broadened to malicious acts to better describe the intended scope of the policy protection. Examples of vandalism include: creating graffiti, breaking windows, cutting off power, and deliberately plugging the sink and turning on the water.

Question 21

Exclusions of vandalism and malicious acts

Answer 21

Occuring while the building is under construction, even if a builder’s risk endorsement has been issued

Occuring while the building is vacant even if a vacancy permit has been issued

Perpetrated by any insured

Causes by theft or attempted theft

Question 22

Water damage 9th named peril

Answer 22

Water damage encompasses loss of or damage to insured property causes by only the following four scenarios

1. Sudden and accidental escape of water from a water main
2. Sudden and accidental escape from water or steam from within a plumbing, heating, sprinkler, or air conditioning system or domestic water container located within the dwelling
3. Sudden and accidental escape of water from a domestic water container located outside the dwelling example freezing is specifically excluded
4. Entrance of water through an aperture creates concurrently with another peril for example, a hurricane blows part of a roof off allowing the storms rain water to enter the interior of the dwelling

Question 23

Personal property

Answer 23

Legally any property an insured other than real property. More often used to refer to the personal property of family members insured under a homeowner’s policy

Question 24

Real property

Answer 24

Land and any property that is tangible and usually fixed or attached to land

Question 25

Exclusions to water damage

Answer 25

Leaving a window open and allowing rainwater to enter the dwelling.

Damage to actual system or domestic water container from which the water or steam escaped only resultant damage to other insured property is insured.

The water damage peril also excludes continuous seepage or leakage of sewer backup flood and hydrostatic pressure

Question 26

Windstorm or hail exclusions

Answer 26

The 10th named peril

Windstorm nor hail excludes damage caused by:

Waves, floods, or weight, pressure, or melting of ice or snow.

Personal property is not insured for loss or damage caused by windstorm or hail unless storm first creates an opening that allows the storm access to the interior of the dwelling and then the interior damage occurs coincidentally during that same storm.

Question 27

Glass brakeage

Answer 27

11th named peril

Glass brakeage means accidental breakage of the building glass or doors howsoever caused unless the breakage results from an excluded peril such as war or terrorism

Question 28

Exclusions of glass breakage

Answer 28

Occuring while the building is under construction even if a builder’s risk endorsement has been issued

Occuring while the building is vacant even if vacancy permit is issued

Question 29

Transportation

Answer 29

12th named peril

The transportation of the property by collision of the automobile transporting the property. Other perils that may occur to the automobile or trailer conveying the property include upset, overturn, derailment, stranding, or sinking. The transportation peril also extends to personal property that is temporarily removed from the premises for seasonal storage.

Specifically excluded Warcraft as well as property in an owned vacation or home trailer

Question 30

Theft or attempted theft exclusions

Answer 30

Occuring at any other dwelling or detached private structure which the insured owns or rents or occupies unless the insured is temporarily living there

From the part of the dwelling or detached private structure rented to others caused by theft or attempted theft by any tenant tenants employees or member of the tenants household

Caused by theft or attempted theft of property or building materials from any dwelling or detached private structure under construction until the dwelling is completed and ready for occupancy

To animals birds fish ( a pet )

Causes by voluntary parting of property via false pretense

Question 31

Electricity ( personal property)

Answer 31

14th named peril

Electricity means sudden and accidental damage from artificially generated electrical current. The most common example is power surge of artificially generated electricity that causes damage to electrical devices. The damage must be sudden and accidental rather than, for example a burnout due to wear and tear during the normal use of an electrical appliance.

Question 32

Electricity commercial property

Answer 32

The commercial property forms exclude loss caused by electrical breakdown, artificially generated current and arcing unless fire ensues. Explosion and mechanical and electrical breakdown are covered by specific equipment breakdown policy which is outside the IBCs scope

Question 33

Define wildfire

Answer 33

Uncontrollable or destructive fire in a Forrest.

Wild fire is covered under both names perils and all risks

Question 34

Hurricane

Answer 34

Hurricanes fall within the windstorm or hair peril and are thus covered whether the property is insured against named perils or all risks

Question 35

Tornado

Answer 35

Tornado falls within windstorm or hail peril and are thus covered under named perils or all risks

Question 36

Collapse

Answer 36

Collapse is not covered under a named perils forms

However loss caused by collapse is covered under an all risks form because it is not specifically excluded

Question 37

Earth movement

Answer 37

A general term that includes earthquake landslide snowslide and volcanic eruption among other phenomena

Question 38

Accidental breakage of property under all risks exclusions

Answer 38

For breakage of fragile or brittle articles unless caused by a specific peril accident to a land vehicle, watercraft, or aircraft or theft or attempted theft

To personal property undergoing any process or while being worked on where the damage results from such process or work but resulting damage to other property is insured

Personal property that is not fragile or brittle I’d covered for breakage caused by any sudden and accidental event.

Question 39

Earth movement endorsement exclusions

Answer 39

Excludes loss or damage directly caused by tidal waves damage inside the building caused by windstorm, hail, or coincidental rain or snow; and earthquakes that occur before the endorsement takes effect or after it expires. The endorsement has its own higher deductible, which may be expressed as a dollar amount or a percentage of the value of the insured property.

Question 40

Sewer backup

Answer 40

damaged caused by the backing up or escape from water from a sewer or septic tank is excluded whether the coverage is for named pearls or all risks. sewer backup inside the dwelling is the usual result when flooding outside the dwelling overwhelms the municipal sewer system. So we’re back up can occur without flooding. sewer backup can also occur when materials from nearby road construction clog the local sewage system, backing up the sewer drains within a dwelling after even a normal rainstorm.

Question 41

Sump pump failure

Answer 41

Damage caused by backing up or escape from water from a sump pump system or by groundwater or the rising of water table is excluded whether the coverage is for named perils or all risks.coverage for loss or damage due to a sump pump failure may be added by endorsement. The IBC form limited sewer backup endorsement semicolon the coverage is the same as for sewer backup.

Question 42

Flood

Answer 42

Flood means waves, tides, tidal waves, tsunami dam breaks, or the rising, the breaking out, or the overflow of any body of water or water chorus, whether natural or human made. More generally, however, the term is often loosely applied to any accumulation of large amounts of water in a dwelling. Coverage for damage caused by a flood may be added by endorsement, extended water endorsement.it is not necessary to purchase both this endorsement and The limited sewer backup endorsement in order for both sir backup and flood to be covered; the extended water endorsement provides coverage for both perils.

Question 43

Fuvial flooding

Answer 43

The overflow of a river

Question 44

Puvial flooding

Answer 44

Flooding caused by rain

Question 45

Ice damming

Answer 45

damage caused by the entrance of water into the dwelling through the roof due to ice damming is excluded whether the coverage is for named perils or all risks. in either case, the damage is excluded because the aperture through which water enters the dwelling was not created by a named or a specified peril other than water damage. coverage for loss or damage due to ice damage can be added by endorsement semicolon the ibcs form is ice dam endorsement.

Question 46

Water seepage

Answer 46

damage caused by continuous or repeated seepage or leakage of water is excluded whether coverage is for named perils are all risks.the property and trans policy is intended for sudden an accidental fortuitous events continuous or repeated seepage or leakage of water is thus considered a maintenance issue.

Question 47

Hazard

Answer 47

One a risk or probability that the event insured against might occur. Two a condition that engenders or increases the chance of a loss

Question 48

Physical hazard

Answer 48

A hazard a rising from the physical condition or characteristics of the object that is insured

Question 49

Moral hazard

Answer 49

A hazard a rising from the character, interest, habits and lack of integrity of the insured or person concerned.

Question 50

Mold and wood rot

Answer 50

damage caused by roster corrosion, wet or dry rock, and fungi, sports, or mold is excluded whether it coverage is per named pearls or all risks. Such damage, is however, covered if it directly results from an insured peril.

Question 51

Fire hazard: what follows are some common domestic fire hazards.

Answer 51

Cooking hazards, unintended portable heaters, clothes - dryer lint, overloaded electrical circuits, faulty or old, outdated wiring, unintended candles, good fireplaces and wood stoves.

Question 52

Fire protection is the key to minimizing fire hazards. There are two basic categories for fire protection

Answer 52

1. Public fire protection - this is an element of COPE- THE FACTORS, INCLUDING CONSTRUCTION, OCCUPANCY, PROTECTION, AND EXPOSURE, TO BE ASSESSED IN ANY PHYSICAL RISK
2. Private fire protection - this includes smoke alarms, fire extinguishers, and sprinklers.

Question 53

What is the most expensive peril for the Canadian insurance industry?

Answer 53

collectively, the water perils are among the most expensive perils for Canadian Insurance industry, more frequent but less severe than fire. Water devices are present in almost all dwelling semicolon in most Canadian geographical locations, water is also abundant outside the dwelling.

Question 54

Listed hazards for property insurance

Answer 54

Fire hazard
Lightning hazard
Water perils hazards
Water damage hazard 
Flood hazard 
Sewer back up hazard 
Sump pump hazard 
Ice damming hazard
Wind or hair hazard 
Roof collapse 
Earthquake hazard 
Fuel oil hazard 
Concentration of values hazard 
Collections hazard
Hoarding hazard 
Vacancy hazard
Age hazard 
Theft hazard 
Neighbourhood hazard 
Unusual hazards

Question 55

Configuration

Answer 55

A fire involving two or more risks or extending over a wide area. Any unusually large fire

Question 56

Sublimit

Answer 56

A limitation in an insurance policy on the amount of coverage available to cover a specific type of loss

Question 57

List the 14 named perils in order

Answer 57

1. fire
2. Lightning
3. Explosion ( personal / commercial )
4. Smoke
5. Falling object
6. Impact by aircraft or land vehicle
7. Riot
8. Vandalism or malicious acts
9. Water damage
10. Windstorm or hail
11. Glass breakage
12. Transportation
13. Theft or attempted theft
14. Electricity

Question 58

list the names peril habitation forms

Answer 58

Homeowners basic form 
Homeowners broad form
Mobile homeowners form 
Tenants basic form 
Condominium unit owners basic form 
Residential basic form 
Seasonal residence form

Question 59

List the coverage for all risks IBC habitational forms

Answer 59

Fine arts endorsement
Person articles endorsement 
Homeowners comprehensive form 
Tenants comprehensive form 
Condominium unit owners comprehensive form 
Scheduled personal property endorsement

Question 60

List the peril insured against is reflected in the title of the following IBC endorsements

Answer 60

Limited sewer backup endorsement
Ice dam endorsement
Earthquake endorsement

Question 61

Non standard perils that are covered under all risks

Answer 61

Wild fire 
Hurricane 
Tornado 
Collapse 
Accidental breakage of property 
Earth movement 
Sewer backup 
Sump pump failure 
Flood 
Ice damming 
Water seepage 
Mould/ wood rot