Chapter 3 Flashcards
What is an organic molecule?
Molecule based on Carbon
What is an inorganic molecule?
Molecule without carbon in its structure
What are the four major classes of organic molecules?
Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids
How are carbons bonded in organic molecules?
Covalent bonding
What are common elements in organic molecules?
Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen , Hydrogen, and Sulfur
What is a hydrocarbon?
Molecules consisting of carbon linked only to hydrogen atoms
What is the simplest hydrocarbon?
Methane (CH4)
What is an alkyne ?
A hydrocarbon containing at least one carbon to carbon triple bond
Endings for hydrocarbons mean
Ane: ?
Ene: ?
yne: ?
Ane: carbons are single bonded
Ene: carbons are double bonded
yne: carbons are triple bonded
Prefixes for hydrocarbon
meth:
eth: ?
prop: ?
but: ?
pent: ?
hex: ?
hept: ?
oct: ?
non: ?
dec: ?
meth: 1 carbon
eth: 2 carbons
prop: 3 carbons
but: 4 carbons
pent: 5 Carbons
hex: 6 carbons
hept: 7 carbons
oct: 8 carbons
non: 9 carbons
dec: 10 carbons
What are the common functional groups?
Hydroxyl , Carbonyl, Carboxyl, Phosphate, Amino, and Sulfhydryl
What is this functional group, properties associated with it, and its major classes ?
R-O-H
Hydroxyl
Properties: Polar ( Hydrophilic ),
Major Class: Alcohols
What is this functional group, properties associated with it, and its major classes ?
R-R-C=O
Carbonyl
Properties: Polar and building blocks for carbohydrates
Major classes: Ketones and Aldehydes
What is this functional group, properties associated with it, and its major classes ?
R-C-OH=H ( H is attached to C )
Carboxyl
Properties: Acidic, Charged (-) due to OH group
Major Class: Carboxylic Acids
What is this functional group, properties associated with it, and its major classes ?
R-NH2
Amino
Properties: Organic base (easily accepts H+ )
Major Class: Amines
What is this functional group, properties associated with it, and its major classes ?
Phosphorus atom covalently bound to 4 oxygen atoms and contains one P=O. bond and two P-O− bonds
Phosphate
Properties: Weak Acids , Charged (-) , Hydrophilic
Major Class: Organic Phosphates
What is this functional group, properties associated with it, and its major classes ?
R-SH
Sulfhydryl
Properties : Polar , loses hydrogen due to disulfide linkage
Major Class: Thiols
