chapter 3 Flashcards
what is a gene?
a heritable factor, a length of DNA that influences a specific characteristic
what is a gene locus?
the position on a chromosome where a gene is found
what are alleles?
the various forms of a gene
what is mutation?
the process by which new alleles form
what is the genome?
the whole genetic information of an organism
what is the human genome project?
sequenced the entire base sequence of human genes
what are prokaryote chromosomes?
a singular circular DNA molecule
what are plasmids?
extra rings of DNA which some prokaryotes have
what are eukaryote chromosomes?
linear DNA molecules associated with histone proteins
what are homologous chromosomes?
chromosomes which carry the same sequence of genes
what is a diploid nuclei?
nuclei with two copies of each chromosomes
what is a haploid nuclei?
nuclei with one chromosome of each pair
what is a karyogram?
an image showing the chromosomes of an organism in homologous pairs, arranges in decreasing length
what causes sickle cell anaemia?
a base substitution mutation causes a change to the mRNA transcribed.
what is the substitution in sickle cell anaemia?
GAG goes to GTG
Val instead of Glu
