Chapter 3 Flashcards

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1
Q
Cognitive assessment measures are usually used to
Answers:	  
test theories about how people think.
identify psychopathology.
explore the projective hypothesis.
measure people's intelligence.
A

test theories about how people think.

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2
Q
PET and MRI are specific types of
Answers:
neuropsychological tests.
projective tests.   
brain imaging tests.
personality inventories.
A

brain imaging tests.

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3
Q
What behavioral assessment procedure is associated with the most reactivity?
Answers:	  
Self-monitoring
Personality inventory
Projective test
Structured clinical interview
A

Self-monitoring

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4
Q

The Rorschach Inkblot Test is an example of a(n)

intelligence test.
diagnostic inventory.
neuropsychological test.
projective test.

A

projective test.

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5
Q

Two children are administered the same IQ test. Assuming all factors to be equal except racial differences between the children, what factor has been found to explain any difference in scores between these children?
Stereotype threat
Attention difficulties
Both stereotype threat and attention difficulties
None of the above

A

Stereotype threat

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6
Q

The MMPI detects individuals attempting to fake the test by
examining highly unusual responses.
including special scales to detect lying.
re-administering the test.
inferring the lying behavior from answers left blank.

A

including special scales to detect lying.

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7
Q
Jackson appears to have social phobia. This diagnosis was made by looking at his scores on a particular measure of social fear. Scores like his in the past have been shown to be related to social phobia, and also correlated with a variety of measures of social and occupational disability associated with social phobia. The measure Jackson took would be said to have
high criterion validity.
high statistical validity.
high content validity.
high construct validity.
A

high construct validity.

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8
Q

A problem with some psychophysiological assessments is
the measures do not differentiate clearly between emotional states.
clients are unwilling to have the electrodes attached for measurement.
each instrument determines the base rate of reliability.
the assessments are highly dependent on situational factors, rather than enduring features.

A

the measures do not differentiate clearly between emotional states.

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9
Q

Joe’s therapist has him keep a log of everything he eats as part of a weight-loss program. This is an example of the behavioral assessment technique of

cognitive observation.
reactivity.
self-monitoring.
direct observation.

A

self-monitoring.

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10
Q

If Shaniqua wants to be sure her bathroom scale has test-retest reliability, she should
: ask others to weight themselves later that day.
buy a second scale and see if they both give her the same weight when she steps on them.
weigh herself today and then eat a lot; get on the scale again and see if her weight changes.
get on and off the scale repeatedly and see if it shows the same weight each time.

A

get on and off the scale repeatedly and see if it shows the same weight each time

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11
Q
Schizophrenia was once known as
psychonaturalism.
tripolar disorder.
dementia praecox.
schizoid prixat.
A

dementia praecox.

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12
Q
Intelligence tests are based on the assumption that a detailed sample of a person's current intellectual functioning can predict
Answers:
	brain dysfunction.
	innate aspects of IQ.
	cognitive effectiveness.
	  academic potential.
A

academic potential.

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13
Q

Sarah and Carrie, at the same age, were administered the Luria-Nebraska test battery. Sarah graduated with a Ph.D., while Carrie did not complete high school. Assuming all other factors equal, the scores they receive on the Luria-Nebraska
It is impossible to predict the differences from the information provided.
should not differ since education level is controlled for.
should differ. Sarah should score higher based on education.
should differ. Carrie should score higher as it is not based on education.

A

should not differ since education level is controlled for.

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14
Q

A valid classification system is one that
leads to accurate predictions and statements.
has clear criteria for making diagnoses.
has a clear purpose.
ensures that two or more people will agree on a classification.

A

leads to accurate predictions and statements.

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15
Q

The best way for clinicians to avoid bias in the diagnosis of patients from ethnic minority groups is to

employ only those personality measures that have been specifically designed for that ethnic group.
learn to consider and test alternative hypotheses when evaluating clients from different ethnic groups.
avoid seeing such patients in their practice.
avoid diagnosing such patients.

A

learn to consider and test alternative hypotheses when evaluating clients from different ethnic groups.

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16
Q

Which of the following is a structured interview?

SCID
Rorschach
ADE
SRRS

A

SCID

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17
Q

You decide that you wish to use the MMPI to form a scale within the instrument to distinguish potential professional wrestlers from those without the potential to be wrestlers. Using the same method as that used to develop the MMPI, you would

    identify items that distinguish pro wrestlers from non-wrestlers.
identify items that were about wrestling.
look for consistency among items endorsed by wrestlers as true.
find all the items that wrestlers answered as true regarding themselves.
A

identify items that distinguish pro wrestlers from non-wrestlers.

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18
Q

The letters in the abbreviation DSM refer to

Disorders and Symptoms Manual.
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual.
Diseases and Symptoms Manual.
Diseases and Symptoms of the Mind.

A

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual

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19
Q
You are relying on a dimensional classification scheme and work with individuals who struggle with delusions. Your diagnoses are going to be based upon the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ of delusions.			
underlying cause
	presence or absence
	social consequences
	  severity
A

severity

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20
Q

The fact that SSRIs often relieve symptoms of anxiety as well as depression suggests to some clinicians and researchers that
SSRIs are inadequate drugs for depression.
anxiety should be treated with anxiolytics.
anxiety and depression should be part of the same diagnostic category.
depression should be a dimensional diagnostic system.

A

anxiety and depression should be part of the same diagnostic category

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21
Q

Which of the following was not a change made in the revised version of the MMPI?
Increase representation from different racial groups in the norm sample.
Alter the norm sample to reflect the composition of the US.
Alter items to make the content more current.
Alter the format for answering questions.

A

Alter the format for answering questions.

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22
Q

Which of the following is NOT a measure of psychological stress?
Psychiatric Epidemiological Research Interview Life Events Scale
Thematic Apperception Test
List of Threatening Experiences
Life Events and Difficulties Schedule

A

Thematic Apperception Test

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23
Q

Why should we not expect a one-to-one relationship between psychological and physical measures of brain functioning?
Psychological measures have low reliability and validity.
They cannot measure brain functioning during normal daily activity.
People differ in how well they cope with brain dysfunctions.
Little is known about the functioning of individual neurons.

A

People differ in how well they cope with brain dysfunctions.

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24
Q

Psychophysiology is the study of
the neurological basis of psychological problems.
somatic treatments for psychological problems.
bodily changes associated with psychological events.
phenomena such as extrasensory perception.

A

bodily changes associated with psychological events

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25
Q

An example of a self-report cognitive assessment consistent with Beck’s theory of depression is
Internal-External Attribution Questionnaire.
Cognitive Thought Record.
Dysfunctional Attitude Scale.
Attributional Style Questionnaire.

A

Dysfunctional Attitude Scale.

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26
Q

Some critics of the DSM-5 believe that
another diagnostic category should be added titled “Conditions that may be a focus of clinical attention in elderly populations.”
there is not enough comorbidity in diagnoses.
the DSM-5 has pathologized too many problems without good justification.
there are not enough different diagnoses.

A

the DSM-5 has pathologized too many problems without good justification.

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27
Q

What is one reason categorical systems are popular?
It is more helpful to know severity of a symptom than whether or not it is present.
They describe the degree to which an entity is present.
Freud was a proponent of such a system.
It is more helpful to know severity of a symptom than whether or not it is present.
They define a certain threshold for treatment.

A

They define a certain threshold for treatment.

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28
Q

You are being tested by an examiner who is showing you pictures about which you are asked to tell complete stories. You are probably taking
: the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-III.
the MMPI-2.
the Rorschach.
the Thematic Apperception Test.

A

the Thematic Apperception Test

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29
Q

The Life Events and Difficulties Schedule (LEDS) has led researchers to conclude that
a given life event has the same impact across individuals.
life events are robust predictors of several psychological and medical symptoms.
stress is mediated by one’s childhood experiences.
the correlation between life events and stress is low.

A

life events are robust predictors of several psychological and medical symptoms.

30
Q

If Jose wants to know if the scale he uses to weigh his tomatoes at the grocery store has alternate-form reliability, he could
take the tomatoes and put them on and off the scale several times and see if they weigh the same each time.
take them home and weigh them again in an hour.
ask another shopper what she thinks the tomatoes weigh.
weigh the tomatoes on two other scales in the produce department and see if they weighed the same.

A

weigh the tomatoes on two other scales in the produce department and see if they weighed the same.

31
Q

The Rorschach may have validity in identifying
schizophrenia, dependent personality traits, and anxiety.
depression, anxiety, and schizophrenia.
schizophrenia, borderline personality disorder, and dependent personality traits.
dependent personality traits, depression, and anxiety.

A

. schizophrenia, borderline personality disorder, and dependent personality traits.

32
Q
Which of the following is an example of something using a dimensional classification system?
	gender
	telephone number
	  grade point average
	college major
A

grade point average

33
Q

Which of the following is a risk of having too many diagnoses?
The risk of fitting into too many diagnostic categories.
Lack of reliability between diagnostic clinicians.
Externalization of diagnoses by clients.
All of these are risks of having too many diagnoses.

A

All of these are risks of having too many diagnoses.

34
Q

One of the problems with measuring metabolites from blood or urine is that

the presence of a given metabolite tends to be overestimated.
blood and urine samples are not always easy to collect.
the presence of a given metabolite tends to be underestimated.
this type of measuring does not reflect levels of neurotransmitters in the brain.

A

this type of measuring does not reflect levels of neurotransmitters in the brain.

35
Q
Which kind of assessment is illustrated here? Dr. Lee assesses the possibility that Joe has brain damage by measuring his performance on a number of tasks including copying symbols, remembering numbers, and recognizing nonsense syllables.
	Neurological assessment
	  Neuropsychological assessment
	Physiological assessment
	Psychological assessment
A

Neuropsychological assessment

36
Q

Under what circumstances are respondents more likely to report engaging in illegal behaviors?
When the exam is a paper-and-pencil self-report.
When the respondent is in the presence of other examinees.
When the exam is a face-to-face interview.
When the exam is computer administered.

A

When the exam is computer administered.

37
Q

Intelligence tests were originally developed for the purpose of
segregating people of low intelligence so they would not have children.
determining which psychiatric patients could benefit from “talk” therapy.
predicting which children have special academic needs.
determining the age at which a child should enter school.

A

predicting which children have special academic needs

38
Q
In clinical interviews, most clinicians pay particular attention to
	childhood.
	current social functioning.
	truthfulness.
	  manner of responding.
A

manner of responding.

39
Q
The current conceptualization of stress emphasizes how we perceive or \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ the environment in order to determine whether a stressor is present.
\:	elicit
	detail
	investigate
	  appraise
A

appraise

40
Q
The Halstead-Reitan and Luria-Nebraska are specific types of			
	:	neurological procedures.
	intelligence tests.
	personality inventories.
	  neuropsychological assessments.
A

neuropsychological assessments.

41
Q
Generally, it is impossible for measures to be
	neither reliable nor valid.
	reliable but not valid.
	both reliable and valid.
	  valid but not reliable.
A

valid but not reliable.

42
Q
There were \_\_\_ axes in the DSM-IV-TR while \_\_\_ is/are used in the DSM-5
\:	5, 3
	5, 2
	3, 2
	 5, 0
A

5, 0

43
Q

Which of the following is a problem with using unstructured clinical interviews in diagnosis?
There is poor inter-rater reliability.
The person being assessed feels less comfortable opening up than in structured interviews.
They can only be conducted by psychiatrists.
They require less clinical expertise than structured interviews.

A

There is poor inter-rater reliability.

44
Q
Caleb went to see two different psychologists about his depressive symptoms. One told him that he suffered from major depressive disorder and the other told him that he had bipolar disorder. This is an example of a problem with \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
	internal consistency.
	  interrater reliability.
	content validity.
	construct validity.
A

interrater reliability.

45
Q
You have developed a new personality inventory that will be used to match roommates in order to minimize conflict. You are almost ready to market the test, but first must administer it to several hundred individuals to establish normative data. This phase of test development is referred to as
	validation.
	  standardization.
	psychometrics.
	branching.
A

standardization.

46
Q

Average intelligence is associated with a score of approximately
Average intelligence cannot be determined.
100.
70.
130.

A

100.

47
Q
According to Hans Selye, the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ describes the biological response to sustained high levels of stress			
		general anxiety syndrome	  
general adaptation syndrome
	anxiety adaptation syndrome
	stress response syndrome
A

general adaptation syndrome

48
Q

The stimulus materials in the Thematic Apperception Test are ambiguous
to increase the likelihood that the individual is not giving responses that are consciously mediated.
for greater precision.
to create discomfort in the client and thereby encourage a closer relationship with the therapist.
to increase rapport.

A

to increase the likelihood that the individual is not giving responses that are consciously mediated.

49
Q
The DSM-5 is an example of which approach to classification?
\:	Quantitative
	Dimensional
	Atheoretical
	  Categorical
A

Categorical

50
Q
The Rorschach Inkblot Test is an example of a(n)
	neuropsychological test.
	intelligence test.
	  projective test.
	diagnostic inventory.
A

projective test.

51
Q

Which of the following is a limitation of computer generated scoring of the MMPI?
Ability of the computer to handle respondents who “fake bad.”
Usefulness of computer-generated report in developing comprehensive reports.
Interpretation of the scores still relies on the competence of the psychologist.
Difficulty in using the program.

A

Interpretation of the scores still relies on the competence of the psychologist.

52
Q
The MMPI is an example of a(n)
	:	projective test.
	  personality inventory.
	intelligence test.
	structured clinical interview.
A

personality inventory

53
Q

Based on the available research, if a Hispanic client is being examined by an assessor from a different cultural background, the examiner should
obtain a different test battery.
refer the client to a psychiatrist.
schedule fewer sessions to remain objective.
schedule additional sessions to ensure adequate rapport.

A

schedule additional sessions to ensure adequate rapport.

54
Q
Which of the following is a culture-bound syndrome listed in the DSM- 5 that involves individuals in Japan, Taiwan, and South Korea shutting themselves in their room for at least six months and refusing to socialize with anyone?
\:	Koro
	ghost sickness
	Dhat
	  Hikikomori
A

Hikikomori

55
Q

All of the following are changes that were made in the DSM 5 EXCEPT:
Removal of the multiaxial system
New diagnoses
Grouping disorders based on age-related conditions
Combining diagnoses

A

grouping disorders based on age-related conditions

56
Q

Why do behavioral assessors sometimes set up contrived situations in which to observe behavior?
They want to see how people respond in unusual situations.
It is often difficult to control the conditions in natural settings.
They do not think the setting is an important influence on people’s behavior.
Such assessments avoid the problem of reactivity.

A

It is often difficult to control the conditions in natural settings

57
Q
fMRI measures blood flow in the brain, called the BOLD signal, which stands for
\:	Blood Oxygenation Life Designs.
	  Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent.
	Barium Oxygenation Light Designs.
	Barium Oxygenation Level Dependent.
A

Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent.

58
Q

In the DSM 5 culture-bound syndromes
are coded on Axis II.
are very, very rare.
are only found in cultures outside the United States.
are listed in the appendix of the DSM.

A

are listed in the appendix of the DSM.

59
Q
The highest priority of the DSM-5 is that it
	  is useful to clinicians.
	is bilingual.
	is shorter than the DSM-IV-TR.
	is reliable.
A

is useful to clinicians.

60
Q
Which is most similar to an X-ray?
\:	EEG
	MRI
	PET scan
	  CT scan
A

CT scan

61
Q
The DSM-5 includes approximately \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ different diagnostic categories.
	:	50
	  350
	100
	500
A

350

62
Q
The DSM-5 has approximately \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ times as many disorders as the first edition of the DSM I.
\:	five
	four
	  three
	two
A

three

63
Q
Having a diagnosis provides clinicians with information about all of the following EXCEPT:
\:	rates.
	causes.
	  stigma.
	treatment protocols.
A

stigma.

64
Q
Reliability, as used in diagnosis, is the same as
\:	judgment.
	validity.
	  agreement.
	utility.
A

agreement.

65
Q
Jim was given an intelligence test in March and readministered the same test one year later. His score both times was the same. This indicates that the intelligence test has:	  
        high test-retest reliability.
	high interrater agreement.
	internal consistency.
	none of the above.
A

high test-retest reliability.

66
Q
Which of the following is NOT a new diagnosis in the DSM-5?
\:	Premenstrual dysphoric disorder.
	Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder.
	  Bipolar disorder.
	Illness anxiety disorder.
A

Bipolar disorder.

67
Q

Self-Report Stress Checklists are less time consuming than conducting interviews, but they are problematic as well. Which of the following problems apply to these checklists?
Variability in how people interpret events.
Recall and forgetting.
Biased responses based on current mood.
All of the above.

A

All of the above.

68
Q

One of the major problems with drawing conclusions from metabolite studies is that
metabolite levels change significantly over time.
they are inaccurate.
they are correlational.
they provide little data.

A

they are correlational.

69
Q
A common method assessing neurotransmitters is
	X-ray.
	CT scan.
	measuring dopamine.
	  analyzing metabolites.
A

analyzing metabolites.

70
Q

Jose, a Puerto Rican living in New York, was being assessed by Dr. Jones, a doctor born in the U.S. Jose casually states that he feels there are spirits surrounding him. Dr. Jones may
misdiagnose him as having schizophrenia if he fails to take cultural factors into account.
ignore this information if he fails to take cultural factors into consideration.
correctly diagnose him as having schizophrenia despite any cultural factors.
none of the above.

A

misdiagnose him as having schizophrenia if he fails to take cultural factors into account.

71
Q
Xavier is recording his thoughts each time he feels depressed. This is also referred to as a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ assessment.
	projective
	neuropsychological
	  cognitive
	behavioral
A

cognitive