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Working Lines & Equipment > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

Energized Work

1
Q

What are the two methods for working on a power delivery system?

A

Energized and De-Energized

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2
Q

What are the 3 principles that energized work is governed by?

A
  1. ) Insulate
  2. ) Isolate
    3) Protect Against Second Point of Contact
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3
Q

What does Insulate mean when working on energized lines?

A

The worker is separated by a dielectric substance. Insulation shields workers against current flow.

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4
Q

What are some examples of insulating equipment?

A
  • Rubber Gloves and Sleeves
  • Hot Sticks
  • Rubber or Plastic Cover-Up Equipment
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5
Q

What does Isolate mean when working on energized lines?

A

Employing tested and certified equipment to create physical separation between the worker and any object under the worker’s feet. Isolation separates the worker from the Earth.

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6
Q

What are some examples of isolating equipment?

A
  • Insulated Aerial Lift

- Insulated Platform

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7
Q

What does Protect Against Second Point of Contact mean when working on energized lines?

A

Defined as “the point at which current leaves the body during simultaneous contact between two or more items of different potential.” Most electrical accidents involve Second Point of Contact.

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8
Q

What are some examples of a possible Second Point of Contact?

A
  • Guy-Wires
  • Ground Wires
  • Crossarms
  • Poles
  • Other Phases or Neutral
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9
Q

What mus employers ensure about their employees?

A

That they’re qualified to perform the tasks assigned to them, including the use of specific equipment.

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10
Q

What does OSHA define a Qualified Person as?

A

“One who, by possession of a recognized degree, certificate, or professional standing, or who by extensive training and experience, has successfully demonstrated his ability to solve or resolve problems relating to the subject matter, the work, or the project.”

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11
Q

With energized work, what must a Qualified Employee be trained and competent at?

A
  • Distinguishing exposed live parts from other parts of electric equipment.
  • Determining the nominal voltage of exposed live parts.
  • Maintaining MAD from exposed live parts
  • Using PPE and live-line tools properly when working on or near exposed live parts.
  • Recognizing and avoiding electrical hazards
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12
Q

What does OSHA define a Competent Person as?

A

“One who is capable of identifying existing predictable hazards in the surroundings or working conditions which are unsanitary, hazardous, or dangerous to employees, and who has the authorization to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them.”

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13
Q

What does/can a Competent Person do?

A

This is the person authorized by the employer to keep the job site safe - so they know what needs to be done and have the authority to lead a crew at doing it. Also has the authorization to change a situation in order to enhance work-site safety.

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14
Q

What is a Competent Person?

A

A Qualified Person who is authorized to make decisions that can enhance safety.

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15
Q

What do you do during the grounding process until the line has effectively been grounded?

A

Maintain MAD

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16
Q

How is MAD best defined?

A

The closest distance that a qualified employee can approach an exposed object of different potential without the use of approved and rated protective equipment.

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17
Q

How are the distances mandated by OSHA calculated?

A
  1. ) Inadvertent factor, meaning that a worker will maintain the MAD even if they reach beyond, slip, or fall from their intended position.
  2. ) Altitude Correction Factor (Min. Dist. changes at 3,000’)
  3. ) The electrical component of the MAD (Not less than 2’ for Primary Dist Voltages.)
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18
Q

When should MAD distances be identified?

A

During the job briefing.

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19
Q

What is a common industry best practice for Rubber Glove Work?

A

Stay 5’ away from energized parts

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20
Q

What do some employers require for Rubber Glove Work?

A

They require gloves and sleeves to remain on from the time the employee leaves the ground until they return.

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21
Q

What are the methods for maintaining MAD based on the type of work?

A
  • Rubber Glove Work
  • Hot Sticking
  • Barehand
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22
Q

How does maintaining the MAD and Rubber Gloving work?

A

Workers use rated and tested gloves and sleeves to apply cover-up equipment until any second point of contact is well out of reach of the work location.

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23
Q

How does maintaining the MAD and Hot Sticking work?

A

Workers use insulated live-line tools that are long enough to maintain the MAD between the worker’s hands and the exposed energized object.

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24
Q

How does maintaining the MAD and Barhand work?

A

Because they are energized at the same potential as the phase, workers must maintain the MAD from any other object of different potential, such as the structure or other phases.

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25
Q

What are the 3 factors involving Encroachment?

A
  • You are insulated from the energized part
  • The energized part is insulated
  • You are isolated from any object at a different potential
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26
Q

What should you do each day before working hot?

A
  • By thoroughly inspecting rubber gloves, rubber sleeves, and hot sticks.
  • Identify MAD distances
  • Conduct a worksite inspection
  • Request Hot-Line Tag
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27
Q

What is the most important element of any Live-Line Tool?

A

Insulation

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28
Q

What should you protect on your live-line tools?

A

The integrity of your equipment’s insulation.

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29
Q

What are almost all hot sticks made of?

A

Fiberglass-reinforced plastic (FRP) with a Foam Core.

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30
Q

What does the Fiberglass provide?

A

Stiffness and Strength, while special plastics provide electrical resistance.

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31
Q

What do the Foam Cells contain?

A

An inert gas that resists moisture absorption.

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32
Q

Why is the core bonded to the inner wall of the fiberglass?

A

For mechanical and electrical strength.

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33
Q

Why are sticks brightly colored?

A

For visibility

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34
Q

Why are they tested routinely?

A

To confirm their electrical insulating strength.

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35
Q

What are modern tool heads and attachments made of?

A

Heat-Treated Aluminum or engineered plastics for lightweight toughness

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36
Q

What are the basic categories of Hot Sticks?

A
  • Universal Sticks
  • Tie Stick
  • Shotgun Stick
  • Link Stick
  • Auxiliary Support Arm
  • Cutter
  • Telescoping Stick
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37
Q

Why are Tie Sticks used?

A

To manipulate tie wires, and also install and remove Preformed Ties and Armor Rods.

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38
Q

What is another name for a Shotgun?

A

Grip-All

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39
Q

What is a Shotgun?

A

Easy to control gripping finger on the hot end of the stick. Used for a variety of tasks including EPZ Grounds

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40
Q

What is a Link Stick?

A

Typically short, provide insulation when using ropes, blocks, and strap hoists.

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41
Q

Why use an Auxiliary Support Arm?

A

To reposition and secure conductors out of the immediate work area. Work well for conductor, crossarm, pole, and insulator replacements, switch installation, and other projects.

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42
Q

What is a Cutter?

A

Used to Cut Conductors of all sizes. Some make a round cut to allow installation of a splicing sleeve or dead-end. Those made for larger conductors are typically hydraulic or ratchet assisted.

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43
Q

Why use a Telescoping Stick?

A

Replace fuses, operate disconnects, take conductor height measurements, and operate reclosers.

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44
Q

What are the basic Hot Stick Attachments used for?

A
  • Tying Conductors to Insulators
  • Replacing Insulators
  • Disconnecting Switches
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45
Q

What are two other tools used for Energized Work?

A
  • Conductor Pulling Grips

- Fiber Hoist/Strap Hoist

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46
Q

How do Conductor Pulling Grips work?

A

Not Spring Loaded, have a ring or bracket, once secured to the conductor, the gripping jaws can be opened freely by releasing the pulling mechanism.

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47
Q

What is a Fiber Hoist/Strap Hoist used for?

A

Support sagging conductors, adjust tension, replace strain insulators, and other tasks.

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48
Q

A Strap Hoist has insulating properties but is not what?

A

Rated for Voltage

49
Q

How should Live-Line tools be stored?

A

In a dry, designated location safely away from anything that could cause physical damage or contamination from dust and dirt. If possible store Hot Sticks vertically in a special rack suspended from the ceiling and use heaters.

50
Q

Where might Live-Line equipment suffer from abuse?

A

In storage and during transportation

51
Q

Why should you take care of your sticks?

A

Because they take care of you.

52
Q

How should you not store Hot Sticks?

A

Piled loose in a tuck bed or trailer.

53
Q

How should you not store Hot Sticks when on the pole/structure?

A

Do not store them on ANY conductor.

54
Q

How should Live-Line tools be cleaned?

A

Before every job, inspect for damage. Wipe the insulating portions with a clean, dry cloth to remove dirt. Spray a light application of silicone if possible. If it is too dirty send it to the shop for thorough cleaning and testing.

55
Q

What should Live-Line tools not conduct?

A

Energy

56
Q

How are Live-Line tools designed?

A

With high electrical resistance in order to insulate the worker.

57
Q

What two conditions make live-line tool electrically unsafe?

A
  • Internal Conductivity caused by moisture getting inside, dielectric deterioration, or internal damage.
  • Surface Conductivity caused by loss of surface gloss, wetting, or contamination.
58
Q

What does OSHA require of Live-Line Tools?

A

They be removed from service every two years for examination, cleaning, repair and testing.

59
Q

How often are Temporary Jumper installed?

A

For a Short Time.

60
Q

What are other names for Temporary Jumpers?

A

Macks, Red Heads, Mechanical Jumpers

61
Q

How can jumpers be installed?

A

Rubber Gloving OR Hot Sticks

62
Q

What are certain types of Jumpers designed with?

A

Load Backup Capability

63
Q

What are standard jumpers usually insulated for and what size?

A 
Primary Voltages of 15kV, 25kV, and 35kV
#2 Copper - 4/0 Copper
64
Q

What size will the jaws of jumpers fit?

A

6 - 795 ACSR

65
Q

What do you need to know before installing temporary Jumpers?

A

Take an amperage reading on the line before installation to ensure that the temporary jumper can handle the current flow on the phase.

66
Q

Why should you not leave Temporary Jumpers on the line?

A

The insulation will deteriorate

67
Q

What is critical between lineworkers when installing Jumpers?

A

Good Communication.

68
Q

What should you do before installing Jumpers?

A

Thoroughly clean the conductor otherwise it will cause resistance and create a hot spot

69
Q

How are Temporary Jumpers Manufactured?

A

Specifically for maintaining continuity on energized phases.

70
Q

How should you not use Temporary Jumpers?

A

For Grounding or Bonding and Vice-Versa.

71
Q

What does protective equipment provide when working energized?

A

Insulation for lineworkers.

72
Q

What does your life depend on?

A

The condition of your protective equipment.

73
Q

Compare plastic to rubber

A

Plastics tend to be lighter and more durable than rubber, but rubber is far more flexible.

74
Q

How is the equipment rated?

A

On its electrical and ozone (Sunlight) resistance.

75
Q

When should rubber gloves be used?

A

On energized circuits of 50V+ and anytime there is an electric potential.

76
Q

In the industry, what does “to glove” mean?

A

“To wear rubber gloves when working on lines and equipment.”

77
Q

What must rubber gloves exceed?

A

The maximum phase-to-phase voltage of the line.

78
Q

When would OSHA not require the use of Rubber Sleeves?

A
  • The lineworker is insulated from energized parts that are not being worked on
  • The insulation protects the employee’s upper arm from contacting other energized parts.
79
Q

What are the usage rules for many utilities?

A
  • Ground-to-Ground
  • Lock-to-Lock
  • Cradle-to-Cradle
80
Q

What does Ground-to-Ground mean?

A

Requires lineworkers to wear rubber gloves from when they start up the pole or structure until they return to the ground.

81
Q

What does Lock-to-Lock mean?

A

Requires lineworkers to wear rubber gloves from when they open an underground enclosure until they close the enclosure.

82
Q

What does Cradle-to-Cradle mean?

A

Requires lineworkers to wear rubbergloves and sleeves from the time an aerial lift leaved the cradle until it returns.

83
Q

What can cause damage to rubber gloves?

A

Dirt, oil and wood splinters, rinse with clean water, use mild soap if needed and dry thoroughly.

84
Q

How should you store rubber gloves?

A

With their leather protectors in a special glove bag. Do not store anything else in the bag. Do not fold them but they can be rolled slightly.

85
Q

What should you do if the glove takes an impact?

A

Immediately air test and inspect the glove. If there is any doubt of the safety of the glove, have it tested electrically.

86
Q

How should rubber gloves be worn?

A

Always worn with leather protectors, which help prevent the rubber from being punctured or cut.

87
Q

What are the two types of rubber used for protective gloves and equipment?

A
  • Type I is not ozone (sunlight) resistant

- Type II is Ozone Resistant.

88
Q

How often should Rubber Gloves be examined and air tested?

A

Before each use.

89
Q

How should you inspect Rubber Gloves?

A

Flex and bend the rubber material while looking for:

  • Oil or grease contamination
  • Collections of dirt or mud
  • Evidence of cracks caused by ozone
  • Discolorations or variations in the color of the rubber
  • Cuts, tears or punctures
  • Foreign matter stuck in the rubber
90
Q

What should be avoided and why when using Rubber Gloves?

A

Avoid Rope burns, the can damage the integrity of the rubber.

91
Q

How does Air Testing work?

A

Using a portable glove inflator, fill the interior of the glove with air. Place the air-filled glove next to your face and then listen and feel for any air leaks.

92
Q

What does OSHA require for Rubber Gloves?

A

Tested before the first issue and every 6 months after.

93
Q

How often must Rubber Sleeves be tested?

A

Before the first issue and every 12 months after.

94
Q

What should you do after testing?

A

Mark all equipment with the test date in a clearly visible manner that doesn’t affect the electrical and physical qualities of the equipment.

95
Q

How does electrical testing work?

A

Gloves are placed in a tank filled with water that is grounded. The glove is then filled with water and an energized rod is placed inside the glove. If a hole exists in the glove, a short circuit will occur.

96
Q

How is Rubber Cover-Up Equipment designed?

A

To be as universal as possible.

97
Q

When using Rubber Cover-Up, what should you achieve?

A

Complete coverage every time.

98
Q

What is Line Hose used for?

A

Covering conductors, jumpers, and guy-wires, originally made of rubber hose.

99
Q

What styles does Line Hose come in?

A
  • Straight Conventional
  • Connector and Conventional
  • Extended Lip Straight
  • Extended Lip Connector End
100
Q

What dimensions does Line Hose come in?

A

3’-6’

1”,2” or 2.5”

101
Q

What are Insulator Covers often referred to as?

A

Hoods

102
Q

What are the types of Insulator covers?

A
  • Dead End Insulator Cover

- Pin/Post Insulator Cover

103
Q

What two sizes do blankets come in?

A

36” x 36”

18” x 18”

104
Q

What is a Split Blanket?

A

Blanket that has a slit so it can be placed around an object.

105
Q

How would Blankets be used?

A

Knelt, Stood on, if needed in an energized setting.

106
Q

How should Rubber Blankets be stored?

A

Flat or rolled - preferably in protective roll-ups or canisters - but NOT folded.

107
Q

How should rubber equipment be cleaned?

A

Water and the manufacturer’s recommended cleaners.

108
Q

What is required before electrical testing?

A

A professional cleaning.

109
Q

How often must Rubber Blankets be tested?

A

Annually.

110
Q

When should line hose an covers be tested?

A

When inspections raise doubt about their condition.

111
Q

How might Plastic Cover-Ups be designed?

A

To cover conductors, insulators, disconnects, apparatus bushings, terminators, arresters, crossarms, and poles.

112
Q

Per ATSM and OSHA standards, what is Plastic Cover-Up rated for?

A

Phase-to-Ground Protection.

113
Q

In what work scenarios can Plastic Cover-Up equipment be used?

A
  • Single-Phase work projects, using rubber glove method or hot sticking method
  • Multiphase work projects, using hot sticking method only
  • Multiphase work projects for structure cover only, using rubber glove method or hotsticking method.
114
Q

What do Pole Guards do?

A

Protect workers from accidental brush contact with the pole.

115
Q

How are Line Guards designed?

A

Easily installed with live-line tools and are designed to connect to plastic insulator guards.

116
Q

When should you apply Crossarm Guards?

A

Anytime contact is possible, such as when tying or untying conductors from insulators. When Rubber Gloving or Hot Sticking, use crossarm guards to eliminate a second point of contact with a potentially conductive object.

117
Q

How should Plastic Protective equipment be stored?

A

Protect it against nicks, scratches, and fractures. some components can be nested together for storage and transportation.

118
Q

When does most damage to Plastic Cover-Up Equipment happen?

A

When tools and equipment are thrown on top of it in a truck bed or trailer.

119
Q

How do you test Plastic Cover-Up Equipment?

A

It does not require in-service testing.

Working Lines & Equipment (3 decks)

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