Chapter 3 Flashcards
A substance that has a fixed chemical composition throughout
Pure substance
Air
Pure substance even though it is a mixture of several gases
Nitrogen and gaseous air
Pure substances
Mixture of liquid and gaseous water
Pure substance
Mixture of liquid and gaseous air
Not a pure substance
Molecules are at relatively fixed positions in a ___
Solid
Groups of molecules move about each other in the ____
Liquid phase
Molecules move about at random in the ___
Gas phase
The molecules in a solid are kept at their positions by…
The large springlike inter-molecular forces
A substance that is not about to vaporize
Compressed liquid
Subcooled liquid
At 1 atm and 20 degrees C water exists in the ___
Liquid phase (compressed liquid)
A liquid that is about to vaporize
Saturated liquid
At 1 atm pressure and 100 degrees C, water exists as…
A liquid that is ready to vaporize (saturated liquid)
A vapor that is about to condense
Saturated vapor
The state at which the liquid and vapor phases coexist in equilibrium
Saturated liquid-vapor mixture
A vapor that is not about to condense (i.e., not a saturated vapor)
Superheated vapor
As more heat is transferred, part of the saturated liquid vaporizes
Saturated liquid-vapor mixture
At 1 atm pressure, the temperature remains constant at 100 degrees C until the last drop of liquid is vaporized
Saturated vapor
As more heat is transferred, the temperature of the vapor starts to rise
Superheated vapor
The temperature at which water starts boiling depends on the ____
Pressure
If the pressure is fixed, so is the boiling temperature
Water boils at
100 degrees C at 1 atm pressure
The temperature at which a pure substance changes phase at a given pressure
Saturation temperature (Tsat)
The pressure at which a pure substance changes phase at a given temperature
Saturation pressure (Psat)
The amount of energy absorbed or released during a phase-change process
Latent heat
The amount of energy absorbed during melting. It is equivalent to the amount of energy released during freezing
Latent heat of fusion
The amount of energy absorbed during vaporization and it is equivalent to the energy released during condensation
Latent heat of vaporization
The ____ of latent heats depend on the temperature or pressure at which the phase change occurs
Magnitudes
Latent heat of fusion of water
At 1 atm, 333.7kJ/kg
Latent heat of vaporization of water
At 1 atm, 2256.5kJ/kg
The atmospheric pressure, and thus the boiling temperature of water, ____ with elevation
Decreases
At supercritical pressures (P > Pcr)
There is no distinct phase-change (boiling) process
The point at which the saturated liquid and saturated vapor states are identical
Critical point
The pressure in a piston-cylinder device can be reduced by…
Reducing the weight of the piston
Triple point of water
Ttp = 0.01 degrees C
Ptp = 0.6117kPa