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SCUHS: CHEMISTRY CHPTR3 > CHAPTER 3 > Flashcards

CHAPTER 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

When elements combine with each other what do they form?

A

Compounds

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2
Q

What happens when two or more elements combine to form a compound?
Exp H+02

A

A new substance results

H20 = water

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3
Q

What’s the difference between a MIXTURE and an ELEMENT

A

Mixture- elements can mix in any proportion

Element- in a compound elements combine in a fixed definite proportions

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4
Q

Definite proportion

Hydrogen- oxygen mixture

Water

A

Oxygen mixture can have any proportions of hydrogen and oxygen gas

Water has a definite proportion of hydrogen to oxygen

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5
Q

What are compounds composed of atoms held together by?

A

Chemical bonds

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6
Q

What are chemical bonds?

A

Are from the attractions between the charged particles ( the electrons and protons) that compose the atom

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7
Q

What are two types of chemical bonds?

A

Ionic

Covalent

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8
Q

what is an ion

A

Transfer of electrons from a

NON METAL TO A METAL

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9
Q

What happens to the metal atom when it becomes an ionic bond

What happens to the non mental when it becomes an ionic bond

A

Becomes a cation + because it looses its electrons

Becomes an anion - gains electrons

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10
Q

What happens with the charges in an ionic bond

A

The opposite charges attract by electrostatic forces and form an ionic bond

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11
Q

What happens to an ionic compound in a solid phase?

A

It becomes composed of a lattice- a 3D array- of cations and anions

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12
Q

What are Covalent bonds?

A

2 non metals

Sharing the electron

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13
Q

What do covalent bonds compose?

What do covalently bonded compounds compose?

A

Molecule

Molecular compounds

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14
Q

What does a compounds chemical formula indicate?

A

The elements present in the compound and

the relative number of atoms or ions of each

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15
Q

What are the 3 different types of chemical formulas

A

Empirical formula - no numbers just atoms H2CL2—> H CL
Molecular formulas - gives the actual number H CL —> H2CL2
Structural formulas- lines that represent covalent bonds H—CL—CL—H. ( can also be drawn anyway exp angle)

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16
Q

Is a molecular model more accurate and complete way to specify a compound?

A

Yes

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17
Q

Ball and stick formula

A

Atoms represented as balls that are color coded
Chemical bonds represented as sticks
How the 2 connect reflect the molecules shape

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18
Q

Space filling molecular model

A

Like bubbles which best estimate how a molecule might appear

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19
Q

Elements may be either _______

A

Atomic - pure element

Compound— 2 elements combined

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20
Q

Compounds can be ______ ______

A

Molecular- two or more non metals combined ( h20)

Ionic- NaCL 1 metal 1 non metal (lattice structure)

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21
Q

Do atomic elements exist with single atoms as their basic units?

A

Yes

Exp Na Ne K Mg

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22
Q

Do molecular elements exist normally or not normally with single atoms as their basic units

A

No they exist as molecules 2 or more atoms of the element bonded together

Only 7 diatomic elements
2 poly atomic molecular elements

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23
Q

What are the 7 diatomic elements

A 
H2
N2
02
F2
Cl2
Br2
And I2
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24
Q

What are the 2 polyatomic molecular elements?

A

P4

S8

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25
Q

What are the basic units of molecular compounds

A

Molecules composed of the constituent atoms

Water- h20
Dry ice- co2

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26
Q

What is the basic unit of an ionic compound

A

Formula unit- smallest electrically neutral collection of ions

Exp NaCl —> Na+ Cl-

1:1 ratio

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27
Q

Polyatomic ions

A

Many common ionic compounds contain ions that are themselves composed of a group of Covalently bonded atoms with an overall charge

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28
Q

Polyatomic ions in its charged species formed

A

NaN03—-> Na+ No3-
CaCO3—-> Ca2+ CO3 ^2-
Mg(Clo3)2 —> Mg2+ and ClO 3-

29
Q

Summarizing ionic compound formulas :

Do ionic compounds always contain positive and negative ions?
Do the sum of the cation and anion have to equal?
Does the formula of an ionic compound reflect the smallest whole number ratio of ions?

A

Yes
Yes
Yes

30
Q

Ionic compounds: formulas and names:

1) The ______ of the representative elements can be predicted from their —-________ number
2) the representative elements form only _____ type of charge

3) transition metals tend to form _________. Types of charges
Which is why we can not predicted as in the case of most representative elements

A

1) charges, group
2) one
3) multiple

31
Q

Naming ionic Compounds:

Ionic compounds can be categorized into 2 types depending on the metal in the compound what are they?

A

Ionic compounds.

Type 1. Type 2.
Metal forms more
Metal forms only. Than one type of ion
One type of ion

Na+ Cl+. Transition metals. Fe 2+ Fe3+

        Except Ag+1 Zn+2 Al+3 which will always have this charge
32
Q

Naming type 1 ionic compounds:

Will the metal ion always have the same charge?

A

Yes

33
Q

What are the invariant charges?

A 
Li.     
Na.    Mg.      Ag Zn Al
K.       Ca
Rb.    Sr
Cs     Ba
34
Q

What are some common Monoatomic Anions
Bigger than the original element
Ion is smaller than its original element

A 
- is negative
F- fluoride
Cl- chloride 
Br- Bromide
I- iodide
O2- 0xide
S2- sulfide
N3- Nitride
P3- phosphide
35
Q

Naming Binary ionic compounds of type 1 cations:

Binary compounds what do they contain only 2 different elements

A

The name of the metal and the base name of an anion ( non mental)

+ -ide

NaCl

36
Q

2nd type of ionic compound can _______ of cation depending on the compound, bonded to a nonmetal anion

The proportion of metal cation to nonmetal anion helps us determine the ___ on the metal ion

A

Form more than 1 type

Charge

Iron ex forms 2 diff types Fe2+
Fe3+

Pb ti and an form more than one type of cation

37
Q

Binary compound

The full name of the compounds containing metals that form more than one kind of cation have the following form

A

Cation. + ( charge of cation (metal) in Roman numeral) + base of H. (Non metal)anion H. +ide

(Metal) +

38
Q

Some metals that form cations with different charges

Ours -indicates ion with lesser charge
Ic- indicates ion with greater charge

A

Cr2+ +3—-> Chromium(II) Chromous& Chromium (III)Chromic
Fe2+ 3+ —-> iron(II) ferrous & Iron(III) ferric
Co2+ 3+—-> cobalt (II) cobaltous & cobalt (III)cobaltic
Cu+ Cu2+—-> copper (I) cupprous& copper (II) cupric
Sn 2+ Sn4+—> Tin(II) stanous & Tin(IV) stannic
Hg2 2+ Hg2+—> Merucry(I) mercurous) & Mercury(II) Mercuric
Pb2+ Pb4+ —-> Lead(II) plumbous & Lead(IV) plumbic

39
Q

Cross cross method for naming NAMING OF THE BINARY IONIC COMPOUNDS

A

CrBr3

Cr3 br-

Chromium(III) bromide

40
Q

Most poly atomic ions are______ anions containing oxygen and another element

A

Oxyanions

41
Q

If there are two ions in the series
the one with more oxygen atoms has the ending____
The one with fewer endings have _____

A
  • Ate

- tie

42
Q

If there are more than two ions in the series,
Then the prefixes_____, meaning less than
And Per meaning ________ are used

A

Less than
More

ClO- (hypochlorite
ClO2- (chlorite
ClO3- (chlorate
ClO4- (perchlorate

43
Q

What are hydrates

A

Ionic compounds containing a specific number of water molecules associated with each formula

Exp
MgSO4 x 7H20
Is Magnesium sulfate HEPTAHYDRATE

CoCl2 x 6H20 —> cobalt (II) chloride HEXAHYDRATE

44
Q

Molecular compounds: Why do we name is?

A

Because they’re covalent ( 2 or more non metals) and share electrons and they can share them in different ways

Exp

O=C=O dioxide

C-0. (Three bonds in the middle) monoxide

45
Q

Rules for naming Binary Molecular compounds

A

Write the name of the element with the smallest group number first

If the 2 elements lie in the same group then write the element with the greatest row number first

( the prefixes given to each element indicate the number of atoms present)

46
Q

Binary Molecular compounds

Prefix—> name of 1st element—> prefix —> base name of 2nd element + ide

A

If there is only one atom of the first element in the forumula , the prefix mono- is normally ommitted

47
Q

Binary molecular compound naming ( same as hydrates)

A 
Mono=1
Di=2
Tri=3
Tetra=4
Penta=5
Hexa=6
Hepta= 7
Octa=8
Nona=9
Deca=10
48
Q

Acids are what kind of compounds?

What happens when an acids when they’re placed in water

A

Molecular

Release hydrogen ions H+ when dissolved in water

49
Q

What elements are acids composed of
What order are they written in?
How do acids taste?

A

Hydrogen’s

They’re the first in their formulas and one or more nonmetals are 2nd

Sour

50
Q

What are some elements that acids dissolve

A

Zn
Fe
Mg

51
Q

HCl is a molecular compound that when dissolved in water forms

A

H+ (ag) & Cl- (ag)

Aqueous (ag) means dissolved in water

52
Q

Binary acids have and H+ cation and ________ anion

Oxyacids have H+ cation and ______ anion

A

Non metal

Polyatomic

53
Q

Naming and writing binary acids

Hydro prefix—- nonmetal base name with ic at the end of it

Write the word acid at the end of the name

A

Hydro Chloric acid

54
Q

When you have __________ you don’t use hydro

A

Oxygen

55
Q

H2S

HClO3

HC2H3O2

A

Hydrosuluric acid

Chloric acid

Acetic acid

56
Q

Writing formulas:

When the name ends in acid the formula starts with______

Write the formula as if its ionic, even though its molecular

Hydro- prefix means its a _____ acid

No prefix mean its an oxyacid

A

H

Binary

57
Q

Writing formula for acids:

For an Oxyacid
If the ending is “ic” the polyatomic ion ends in________
If the ending is “ous” the polyatomic ion ends in

A

Ate

Ite

58
Q

Acid rain :

Certain pollutants such as NO, NO2, SO2 and SO3 form acids when mixed with water resulting in______

A

Acidic rain water

59
Q

Look at slide 60 for an easier break down you fucking bitch

And 61-74

A

Slut

60
Q

Combustion analysis

A

Watch video

61
Q

Chemical reactions:

Reactions Involve chemical changes in matter resulting in ____

Reactions involving rearrangement and exchange of atoms produce___

Watch video

A

New substances
New molecules

Elements are not transmitted during a reaction

Reactants—> products

62
Q

More math yay 77-79

A

Fuck

63
Q

Modern organic Compounds:

Organic compounds are mainly made out of ____ and _____
And sometimes with O N P S and trace amounts of other elements

The key element of organic chemistry is ______

A

C & H

Carbon

64
Q

Carbon bonding bonds with mostly _______ but what about the rest?

A

Mostly covalent

The ones that bond with ionic are generally inorganic

65
Q

Carbon bonding:
When carbon bonds it forms 4 covalent bonds including___ _____ ____ bonds

Carbon can also bond with ______ and form limitless chains of C atoms straight branched and rings

A

Single
Double and triple bonds

Itself

66
Q

Hydrocarbons:

Organic compounds are categorized into two types:

Also look at slide 84

A

Hydrocarbons

Functionalized hydrocarbons

67
Q

Hydrocarbons:

Are organic compounds that contain ______ and ______

Hydrocarbons compose common fuels such as
Oil
Gas
Liquid propane gas
And 
Natural gas
A

Hydrogen and carbon

68
Q

Fun facts

Methane
Propane
 N-butane
N- pentane
Ethene
Ethyne
A 
Primary component for natural gas
Lp gas for grills and outdoor stoves
Fuel for lighters
Component for gasoline
Ripening agent in fruit
Fuel for wielding torches
69
Q

Functionalized hydrocarbons

The term functional group derives from the functionality or chemical character that a specific atom or group of atoms imparts to an organic compound ( how the atom behaves)

Look up what this means

A

A group of organic compounds with the same functional group forms a family

SCUHS: CHEMISTRY CHPTR3 (1 decks)

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