Chapter 3

Question 1

three main parts of a cell

Answer 1

plasma membrane
cytoplasm
nucleus

Question 2

cells

Answer 2

contain cytoplasm, each cell is surrounded by the plasma membrane, organelles (specialized structures) within the cytoplasm

Question 3

plasma membrane - outer boundary of cell

Answer 3

a. composed of thin two layered membrane of phospholipids containing protein
b. proteins / molecules can function as transportation

Question 4

cytoplasm

Answer 4

internal cell fluid and numerous organelles

Question 5

ribosomes

Answer 5

protein factory; manufactures enzymes & proteins

• made of 2 tiny subunits, mostly ribosomal RNA
• may attach to rough ER or lie free in cytoplasm

Question 6

endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Answer 6

• rough ER collects, folds, transports proteins made by ribosomes
• smooth ER makes new membrane

Question 7

Golgi apparatus

Answer 7

chemical processing & packaging center

• group of flattened sacs near nucleolus
• collect chemicals move from smooth ER outward to plasma membrane

Question 8

mitochondria

Answer 8

power plants of the cell

• composed of inner & outer membranous sacs
• energy-releasing chemical reactions
• contain one DNA molecule

Question 9

lysosomes

Answer 9

protective function (engulf - destroy microbes)

• membranous-walled organelles
• contain digestive enzymes

Question 10

centrioles

Answer 10

function in cell reproduction
-paired organelles that lie at right angles to each other near the nucleus

Question 11

microvilli

Answer 11

fingerlike extensions from the plasma membrane

Question 12

cilia

Answer 12

hairlike extensions

Question 13

flagella

Answer 13

“tails” of sperm cells - propel through it’s environment

Question 14

nucleus

Answer 14

contains DNA controls cell - instructions fpr making proteins which determine cell structure and function
DNA molecules become coiled during cell division

Question 15

passive transport

Answer 15

does not require cell energy

Question 16

active transport

Answer 16

requires cell energy (ATP)

Question 17

diffusion

Answer 17

high to low concentration (passive)

substances scatter themselves evenly throughout available space

Question 18

osmosis

Answer 18

water moves in a direction that produces equilibrium. passive movement of water molecules when some solutes cannot cross the membrane (passive)

Question 19

dialysis

Answer 19

uneven distribution of solute types (passive)

Question 20

filtration

Answer 20

movement of water and solutes caused by hydrostatic pressure (passive)

Question 21

ion pump

Answer 21

protein complex in cell membrane

-uses energy from ATP to move substances across cell membranes

Question 22

phagocytosis

Answer 22

requires cell energy (active transport)

protective mechanism often used to destroy bacteria

Question 23

pinocytosis

Answer 23

used to incorporate fluids or dissolved substances into cells

Question 24

cystic fibrosis

Answer 24

failed C1 transport

abnormally thick secretions in the airways and digestive ducts

Question 25

cholera

Answer 25

bacterial infection that causes C1 and water leak from cells lining the intestines resulting in diarrhea and water loss

Question 26

cell growth

Answer 26

proteins determine the structure and function of a cell

protein synthesis is directed by two nucleic acids DNA & RNA

Question 27

DNA

Answer 27

deoxyribonucleic acid

make up 46 chromosomes contained in a cell nucleus

Question 28

RNA

Answer 28

ribonucleic acid