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BIO Enviromental Science > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Trait that allows a species to survive in its environment

A

Adaptation

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2
Q

an individual responding to the environment (Behavior)

A

Acclimation

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3
Q

number of offspring that live to reproductive age

A

Fitness

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4
Q

Process of the fittest individuals passing their trains to offspring more successfully than others

A

Natural Selection

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5
Q

Change in the DNA

A

Mutations

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6
Q

Change in the % of a trait in a population

A

Evolution

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7
Q

Challenges to survivors

A

Selection pressures

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8
Q

Factor in smallest supply

A

Limiting Factor

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9
Q

Minimum and Maximum environmental factors in which a species can live

A

Tolerance Limits

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10
Q

set of environmental conditions which a species lives

A

Habitat

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11
Q

role played by an organism in a biological community

A

Ecological niche

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12
Q

Narrow Niche (Super Picky)

A

Specialists

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13
Q

wide Niche (go with the flow)

A

Generalists

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14
Q

species found in one exclusive habitat

A

Endemic Species

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15
Q

2 species cannot occupy the same niche for very long

A

The Competitive Exclusion Principle

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16
Q

Formation of a new species

A

Speciation

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17
Q

Behavioral isolation

A

Sympatric Speciation

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18
Q

Geographic isolation

A

Allopatric Speciation

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19
Q

Shift toward one extreme of a trait

A

Directional selection

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20
Q

reduce variation in a trait

A

Stabilizing Selection

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21
Q

Traits diverge to the extremes

A

Disrubtive Selection

22
Q

Same species compete for mates, food, or habitat

A

Intraspecific Competition

23
Q

different species compete

A

Interspecific Comeptition

24
Q

An organism feeding on another organism (prey) whether or not the prey dies

A

Predation

25
Q

feed on live prey

A

Herbivores, Carnivores and Omnivores

26
Q

Feed on dead things

A

Scavengers, detritivores, decomposers

27
Q

nonharmful organisms that look like a harmful organisms

A

Batesian Mimicry

28
Q

2 species interact closely enough that there evolution depends on the other

A

Coevolution

29
Q

2+ species living intimately together

A

Symbiosis

30
Q

+/+ both benefit

A

Mutualism

31
Q

+/nothing

A

Commensalism

32
Q

+/- , Host

A

Parasitism

33
Q

Species that have larger impact on their environment that their biomass predicts

A

Keystone Species

34
Q

unrestrained biological reproduction

A

Biotic Potential

35
Q

growth without limits

A

Exponential growth

36
Q

number of animals that can be supported sustainably in a certain area of habitat

A

Carrying Capacity (K)

37
Q

Growth slows as the population approaches the carrying capacity

A

Logistic Growth

38
Q

Factors that are only limiting when population Is large

A

Density-Dependent Factors

39
Q

factors that are limiting regardless of population size

A

Density-Independent Factors

40
Q

Rodents, Spiders, Fish

Reproductive Strategies: short life, mature quickly, many small offspring, low parental care

A

R-selected Species

41
Q

elephants, Penguins, Humans

Reproductive Strategies: long life, later maturity, few offspring, lots of parental care

A

K-Selected Species

42
Q

The number of different species in an area

A

Diversity

43
Q

number of individuals of a particular species in an area

A

Abundance

44
Q

Individuals live where resources are available

A

Random (community structure)

45
Q

individuals live equidistant from each other (competition and territoriality)

A

Uniform (community Structure)

46
Q

Individuals clumped together (for protection, mutual assistance or reproduction)

A

Clustered or Clumped (Community Structure)

47
Q

A large patch of relatively uniform environment, free of edges, that can support all species of that community

A

Core Area

48
Q

The environment conditions of two areas bend at the edge

A

Edge Area

49
Q

anything that disturbs stuff

A

Disturbance

50
Q

Species that benefit form disturbances

A

Disturbance-adapted species

51
Q

Number of trophic levels

Number of species in each trophic level

A

Complexity

BIO Enviromental Science (4 decks)

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