Chapter 3 Flashcards
Transduction
Same as sensation; turning info into a signal
Perception
Decoding of neural signals
What is the process of perception? (Think of the sci model)
Stimulus –> energy properties (what makes stim) –> sensory absorption (what sense to use) –> percept
What are the 6 cues for object segmentation
Proximity, similarity, closure, good continuation, common movement, good form
Binocular disparity
two eyes see two different things
familiar size
general knowledge of what size stuff is
linear perspective
lines getting thinner = more distant
Motion Parallax
Things in the distance look like they aren’t moving
Top down processing
What you know shapes how you see the world
Bottom up processing
Start from the external world, take stuff in and use it
Gibsons Theory of Direct Perception
the environment gives us everything we need for perception
Template Theory
Match what you see to what you know. Template is everything at every angle you know. You match stimulus/input to a template.
Feature Analysis Theory
Breaking things down into features and then identifying the combination of features presented to identify the object
What is Pandemonium? What are the three parts of pattern recognition?
A model of pattern recognition; data, cognitive demon that examines pattern, decision demon that identifies if there is a feature we want to see
Pattern Recognition Model
Parallel distributed processing to do feature analysis - some letters just CAN’T follow some combinations
Recognition by Components
Go through your mental library of possible parts, identify its components by breaking object down.
Geons
the 36 possible 3D shapes that make up every object
Ventral Pathway
“what”; along bottom of brain towards the inferior temporal lobe; identifies shape, colour, identity
Dorsal Pathway
“where”; along top of brain towards parietal; responsible for processing the spatial aspects of visual info such as movement and location
Fusiform Area
Responsible for facial recognition. Damage to it results in prospognosia (face blindness).
Grebels & grebel experts
Screwed up facial representations; grebal experts activate the fusiform area for grebels AFTER they have learned to see them as faces
Associative Visual Agnosia & where is the damage?
Describes but cant ID an object; ventral damage
Akinetopsia & where is the damage?
motion blindness; dorsal damage
Feedforward Connection
From the PVC to the pathways; bottom up processing; influence of environment on perceptual experience
Feedback Commection
From pathways to PVC; top down processing; influence of knowledge and expectations on perceptual experience.
Parahippocampal Region
Area along ventral stream responsible for place recognition
Extrastriate Region
Area along ventral stream responsible for body part recognition
Contrast Energy
relative ease with which a stimulus can be differentiated from the background
Squelching
tendency of our nervous system to inhibit the processing of unclear features
Multiple Trace Model
Traces of every experience are stored in short term memory, no matter how repetitive the event
Probe
Snapshot in primary memory that can activate memory traces in secondary memory
Context Effect
perception based on knowledge - done via neurons in the PVS
Gestalt said what about perception
That it was holistic (focused on the whole) and followed 4 principles
What are the 4 Gestalt principles
Similarity, proximity, symmetry, parallelism
Denotivity
the degree to which an object had meaning to an observer
Patient DF
The card slot example - visual agnosia
What do you call a change in visual information as someone moves?
Transformation; optic flow field
Visual prepotency
more emphasis on visual to compensate for its sensory weakness
Modality Appropriateness
different senses are better at detecting different stimuli, and are hence better used at different times
McGurk Effect
how visual input can change auditory perception, so that the percept is something made up; ga/da/ba
Apperceptive agnosia
A form of visual agnosia in which a person cannot reliably name, match, or discriminate visually presented objects, despite adequate elementary visual function (visual fields, acuity, and color vision).
Associative agnosia
A form of visual agnosia in which a person cannot use the derived perceptual representation to access stored knowledge of the object’s functions and associations but is able to copy and match the drawing even though unable to identify it.
Asterognosis
The inability to recognize an object by touch
