Chapter 3 Flashcards
cell body (soma)
Core region of the cell containing the nucleus and other organelles for making proteins.
dendrite
Branching extension of a neuron’s cell membrane; greatly increases the cell’s surface area; collects information from other cells.
axon
Root, or single fiber, of a neuron that carries messages to other neurons.
neural network
Functional group of neurons that connects wide areas of the brain and spinal cord.
connectome
Comprehensive map of all structural connectivity (the physical wiring) in an organism’s nervous system.
dendritic spine
Protrusion that greatly increases the dendrite’s surface area; typical point of dendritic contact with the axons of other cells.
axon hillock
Juncture of soma and axon.
axon collateral
Branch of an axon.
terminal button (end foot)
Knob at the tip of an axon that conveys information to other neurons.
synapse
Spatial junction between one neuron and another; forms the information transfer site between neurons.
sensory neuron
Cell that detects or carries sensory information into the spinal cord and brain.
interneuron
Association cell interposed between a sensory neuron and a motor neuron; in mammals, interneurons constitute most of the brain’s neurons.
motor neuron
Cell that carries efferent information from the brain and spinal cord to make muscles contract.
bipolar neuron
Sensory neuron with one axon and one dendrite.
somatosensory neuron
Brain cell that brings sensory information from the body into the spinal cord.
pyramidal cell
Distinctively shaped interneuron found in the cerebral cortex.
Purkinje cell
Distinctively shaped interneuron found in the cerebellum.