Chapter 3

Question 1

In the original source material from one of his books, Fechner states that, “____ depends on ____”.​

Answer 1

sensation; stimulation

Question 2

The practice of psychosurgery such as prefrontal lobotomies, has its roots in the ____.

Answer 2

extirpation method

Question 3

Fechner’s flash of insight about the mind-body connection was that there is a(n) ____ relationship between a mental sensation and a material stimulus.

Answer 3

quantitative

Question 4

Weber’s Law, the formulation of how much change in a stimulus is required for a subject to detect it, rests on the measurement of the ____.​

Answer 4

just noticeable difference

Question 5

How did the British empiricists (BritE) and the German physiologists (GerP) differ in their approach to the study of the senses?​

Answer 5

The BritE studied the senses from the viewpoint of philosophy. The GerP used scientificmethods to study the senses.
-germany defined science more broadly

Question 6

What was the ratio of a weight to its just noticeable difference weight when they were lifted? What was the ratio of a weight to its just noticeable difference weight when the weights were placed in the subject’s hands?

Answer 6

1:40; 1:30

Weber

Question 7

____ created phrenology, which proposed that the topography of a person’s skull revealed his or her intellectual and emotional characteristics.​

Answer 7

Gall

Just because something is popular doesn’t mean its true…

Question 8

​​Who developed the following theories?
theory of color vision
​perception of combination and individual tones
​resonance theory of hearin
​speed of neural impulse (90 ft per sec)

Answer 8

Helmholtz

Question 9

Electrical stimulation as a method of mapping the cerebral cortex was introduced by ____.

Answer 9

Fritsch and Hitzig

They stimulated dogs and rabbits to see if they could move their front and back legs

Question 10

• ​He taught at Leipzig.
• ​He seriously damaged his eyes by looking at the sun through colored glasses.
• ​He was “cured” of some symptoms by eating spiced raw ham soaked in Rhine wine and lemon juice.
• He developed the notion of the pleasure principle.​

Answer 10

Fechner

Question 11

Weber’s experiments led to two important contributions: (a) further research and (b) the focus of attention of later physiologists and the new psychology on the development of ____.​

Answer 11

experimental methods for studying mind-body relationships

Question 12

According to Fechner, the effects of stimulus intensities are not ____ but are ____ to the amount of sensation that already exists.​

Answer 12

absolute; relative

Question 13

While euphoric and suffering from delusions of grandeur, Fechner ____.

Answer 13

developed the idea of the pleasure principle

Question 14

____ systematically destroyed parts of the brain using ____.

Answer 14

Flourens; Extirpation

Systematically destroying parts of brain or spinal cord to see what happens (Flourens used pigeons)

Question 15

What is the differential threshold? Who’s concept is it?

Answer 15

The point of sensitivity at which the least amount of change in a stimulus gives rise to a change in a sensation
Ernst Weber

Question 16

“Acts like a chicken with its head cut off” is a description of behavior that has its roots in ____ research.​

Answer 16

Hall’s

Question 17

Which astronomer focused on the error of individual human observances (measurements especially)?

Answer 17

Friedrich Bessel

Question 18

Who came up with the Law of Specific Nerve Energies and what is it?

Answer 18

Johannes Muller (students were Helmholtz and Wundt)
The Nature of sensation is dependent on the pathway the information is carried (seeing lights when rubbing closed eyes)

Question 19

What is the Clinical Method and who came up with it?

Answer 19

Paul Broca

Found that people with trouble speaking all had trauma in one area (Broca’s Area)

Question 20

Who suggested that nerve impulses were electrical?

Answer 20

Luigi Galvani

Electrocuted frogs

Question 21

Who reanimated the severed heads of criminals?

Answer 21

Giovanni Aldini

Pioneer in ECT?

Question 22

Who won the nobel prize for discovering the direction of nerve impulses?

Answer 22

Santiago Ramon and Cajal

Question 23

What is absolute threshold? Difference threshold? Who came up with these?

Answer 23

Absolute- point of intensity where one stimulus can be percieved
Difference- point at which is possible to notice a change in one stimulus (sound getting louder)
Fechner