Chapter 3 Flashcards
Physiological Influences on Psychology
In the original source material from one of his books, Fechner states that, “____ depends on ____”.
sensation; stimulation
The practice of psychosurgery such as prefrontal lobotomies, has its roots in the ____.
extirpation method
Fechner’s flash of insight about the mind-body connection was that there is a(n) ____ relationship between a mental sensation and a material stimulus.
quantitative
Weber’s Law, the formulation of how much change in a stimulus is required for a subject to detect it, rests on the measurement of the ____.
just noticeable difference
How did the British empiricists (BritE) and the German physiologists (GerP) differ in their approach to the study of the senses?
The BritE studied the senses from the viewpoint of philosophy. The GerP used scientificmethods to study the senses.
-germany defined science more broadly
What was the ratio of a weight to its just noticeable difference weight when they were lifted? What was the ratio of a weight to its just noticeable difference weight when the weights were placed in the subject’s hands?
1:40; 1:30
Weber
____ created phrenology, which proposed that the topography of a person’s skull revealed his or her intellectual and emotional characteristics.
Gall
Just because something is popular doesn’t mean its true…
Who developed the following theories? theory of color vision perception of combination and individual tones resonance theory of hearin speed of neural impulse (90 ft per sec)
Helmholtz
Electrical stimulation as a method of mapping the cerebral cortex was introduced by ____.
Fritsch and Hitzig
They stimulated dogs and rabbits to see if they could move their front and back legs
- He taught at Leipzig.
- He seriously damaged his eyes by looking at the sun through colored glasses.
- He was “cured” of some symptoms by eating spiced raw ham soaked in Rhine wine and lemon juice.
- He developed the notion of the pleasure principle.
Fechner
Weber’s experiments led to two important contributions: (a) further research and (b) the focus of attention of later physiologists and the new psychology on the development of ____.
experimental methods for studying mind-body relationships
According to Fechner, the effects of stimulus intensities are not ____ but are ____ to the amount of sensation that already exists.
absolute; relative
While euphoric and suffering from delusions of grandeur, Fechner ____.
developed the idea of the pleasure principle
____ systematically destroyed parts of the brain using ____.
Flourens; Extirpation
Systematically destroying parts of brain or spinal cord to see what happens (Flourens used pigeons)
What is the differential threshold? Who’s concept is it?
The point of sensitivity at which the least amount of change in a stimulus gives rise to a change in a sensation
Ernst Weber
“Acts like a chicken with its head cut off” is a description of behavior that has its roots in ____ research.
Hall’s
Which astronomer focused on the error of individual human observances (measurements especially)?
Friedrich Bessel
Who came up with the Law of Specific Nerve Energies and what is it?
Johannes Muller (students were Helmholtz and Wundt) The Nature of sensation is dependent on the pathway the information is carried (seeing lights when rubbing closed eyes)
What is the Clinical Method and who came up with it?
Paul Broca
Found that people with trouble speaking all had trauma in one area (Broca’s Area)
Who suggested that nerve impulses were electrical?
Luigi Galvani
Electrocuted frogs
Who reanimated the severed heads of criminals?
Giovanni Aldini
Pioneer in ECT?
Who won the nobel prize for discovering the direction of nerve impulses?
Santiago Ramon and Cajal
What is absolute threshold? Difference threshold? Who came up with these?
Absolute- point of intensity where one stimulus can be percieved
Difference- point at which is possible to notice a change in one stimulus (sound getting louder)
Fechner
