chapter 3, 7, 9-12: pitch, dynamics, tone color, musical instruments

Question 1

pitch

Answer 1

highness or lowness of a note, depending on the frequency

Question 2

frequency

Answer 2

rate of vibration of a string or column of air, which determines pitch

Question 3

satb

Answer 3

soprano, altor, tenor, bass

Question 4

pitch calibration

Answer 4

A=440 the standard frequency of vibrations per second

Question 5

dynamics

Answer 5

element of music expression relating to the degree of loudness or softness, or volume, of a sound

Question 6

dynamics: forte

Answer 6

loud

Question 7

dynamics: piano

Answer 7

soft

Question 8

dynamics: mezzo

Answer 8

medium

Question 9

dynamics: subito

Answer 9

suddenly

Question 10

dynamics: crescendo

Answer 10

growing

Question 11

dynamics: decrescendo, diminuendo

Answer 11

diminishing

Question 12

tone color / timbre

Answer 12

the quality of a sound that distinguishes one voice or instrument from another

Question 13

overtones

Answer 13

secondary vibration in a sound-producing body, which contributes to the tone color

Question 14

musical instruments

Answer 14

• size matters
• four groups: strings, woodwinds, brass, percussion

Question 15

string instruments

Answer 15

bowed and plucked instruments whose sound is produced by the vibration of one or more strings
- aka chordophone

Question 16

string instrument
- violin

Answer 16

soprano, or highest-ranged, member of the ___ instrument family
- 30 to 36 in orchestra

Question 17

string instrument
- viola

Answer 17

___ instrument of middle range; the second-highest member of the violin family
- 12 in orchestra

Question 18

string instrument
- cello

Answer 18

___ instrument with a middle-to-low range and dark, right sonority; lower than a viola
- 10 to 12 in orchestra
- aka violoncello

Question 19

string instrument
- double bass

Answer 19

largest and lowest-pitched member of the ___ family
- 8 in orchestra
- aka contrabass or bass viol

Question 20

string instrument
- harp

Answer 20

plucked-string instrument, triangular in shape with strings perpendicular to the soundboard

Question 21

woodwind

Answer 21

instrumental family made of wood or metal whose tone is produced by a column of air vibrating within a pipe that has holes along its length

Question 22

woodwinds
- flute

Answer 22

soprano-range ___ instrument, usually made of metal and held horizontally
- 2 in orchestra

Question 23

woodwinds
- piccolo

Answer 23

smallest ___ instrument, similar to the flute but sounding an octave higher
- 1 in orchestra

Question 24

woodwinds
- recorder

Answer 24

end-blown ___ instrument with a whistle mouthpiece, generally associated with early music

Question 25

woodwinds - clarinet

Answer 25

single-reed ___ instrument with a wide range of sizes - 2 clarinet and 1 bss clarinet in orchestra

Question 26

woodwinds - oboe

Answer 26

soprano-range, double reed ___ instrument - 2 in orchestra

Question 27

woodwinds - english horn

Answer 27

double-reed ___ instrument, larger and lower in range than the oboe - 1 in orchestra

Question 28

woodwinds - saxophone

Answer 28

family of single-reed ___ instruments, commonly used in wind and jazz bands

Question 29

brass

Answer 29

wind instrument with a cup-shaped mouthpiece, a tube that flares into a bell, and slides or valves to vary the pitch. most often made of brass or silver

Question 30

brass - trumpet

Answer 30

highest pitched ____ instrument that changes pitch by means of valves - 2 in orchestra

Question 31

brass - french horn

Answer 31

medium-range valved ___ instrument that be played "stopped" with the hand as well as open - 4 in orchestra

Question 32

brass - trombone

Answer 32

tenor-range ___ instrument that changes pitch by means of valves - 2 in orchestra

Question 33

brass - tuba

Answer 33

bass-range ___ instrument that changes pitch by means of valves - 1 in orchestra

Question 34

brass - other bass

Answer 34

cornet and flugelhorn (looks like trumpets), euphonium, baritone horn, saxhorn (btw french horn and tuba), sousaphone (bass tuba names after John Phillip Sousa) and bugle (no valve or piston - few pitches)

Question 35

percussion

Answer 35

made of metal, wood, stretch skin, or other material that is made to sound by striking, shaking, scraping, or plucking

Question 36

percussion - timpani

Answer 36

___ instrument consisting of a hemispheric copper shell with a head of plastic or calfskin, held in place by a metal ring and played with soft or hard padded sticks. a pedal mechanism changes with the tension of the head, and with it the pitch - aka kettledrum

Question 37

percussion - pitched percussion

Answer 37

scale instruments capable of playing melodies; struck with sticks or hammers