Chapter 3 Flashcards
What are the main Crime control philosophies?
The justice Model, The deterrence Model, The Selective Incarceration Model, the Rehabilitation approach
What is the essential factor of the Justice Model?
The essential factor is to punish offenders - fairly and with justice - through lengths of confinement proportionate to the gravity of their crimes
What are some of the alternative sanctions that the justice model support?
Advocates for alternative sanctions like serving the community when dealing with minor offenses
What doctrine does the Justice model firmly believe in?
The presumption of innocence
In the Justice model if if one confesses to an officer that they are guilty, are they immediately considered so?
No, even if they are factually guilty, they are still presumed innocent until proven legally guilty
What are some of the goals within Criminal Justice Operations?
- Aims to eliminate or control discretion
- Focuses on the legal rights of the accused and fairness and equity
- Role of the police is important
The justice model does not advocate for Discretion in the CJS, instead it advocates for?
Supporters of he justice model argue that to eliminate problems of discretion, it should be replaced by determinate sentencing
Who were the two people who originally advocated for the deterence model?
Cesare Beccaria and Jeremy Bentham Both argued that the Goal of the Criminal justice system should be to prevent future crimes by individuals who have already been caught (general deterrence)
What is specific Deterrence?
Largely based on the idea that individual wrongdoers realize the pain of punishment outweighs the benefits of pleasures of offending
What were some of the elements of Deterrence that Beccaria advocated for in “on crimes and punishment”
- Proportionality: sentences reflect the hard done to the state and the victim
- Punishment must replace torture
What were some of the elements of Deterrence that Bentham argued for?
- Positive and negative sanctions
- Should allow for capture with certainty, process as speedy, punish those convicted
- Based on the beliefs that all people are rational and possess free will
The deterrent model assumes that people participate in an action only after considering what?
The risks and benefits of said action
What are the assumptions of criminal sanctions in the deterrence model?
Assumes a relationship between certainty, severity, and swiftness of punishment (all combined in order to maximize the deterrent effect
What is the main goal of the Selective incarceration model?
Policies attempt to separate high-risk offenders from low-risk ones and to incarcerate for a long time those who are most likely to be dangerous once released
What forms of incarceration does the Selective incarceration model favour?
Harsher punishments and policies such as mandatory prison sentences as well as extended prison sentences to keep the public safe