Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Radiographic Procedures And Positioning > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Term applied to the science of the structure of the body.

A

Anatomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The study of the function of organs.

A

Physiology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The detailed study of the body of knowledge related to the bones of the body.

A

Osteology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Can be effectively subdivided through the use of imaginary body planes.

A

Anatomic position

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Four fundamental body planes.

A

Sagittal
Coronal
Horizontal
Oblique

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Divides the entire body or a body part into right and left segments.

A

Sagittal Plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

A specific sagittal plane that passes through the midline of the body and divides it into equal right and left halves.

A

Midsagittal Plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Divides the entire body or a body part into anterior and posterior segments.

A

Coronal Plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

A specific coronal plane that passes through the midline of the body, dividing it into equal anterior and posterior halves.

A

Midcoronal Plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Passes crosswise through the body or a body part at right angles to the longitudinal axis.
Referred to as a transverse, axial, or cross-sectional plane.

A

Horizontal Plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Can pass through a body part at any angle among the three previous described planes(sagittal, coronal, horizontal).

A

Oblique Plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Used in radiographic positioning to center a body part to the IR or central ray and to ensure that the body part is properly oriented and aligned with the IR.
Can also be used to guide projections of the central ray.

A

Planes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Transects the pelvis at the top of the iliac crests at the level of the fourth lumbar spinous process.

A

Interiliac Plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Formed by the biting surfaces of the upper and lower teeth with the jaws closed.

A

Occlusal Plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Two great cavities of the torso.

A

Thoracic and Abdominal Cavities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q 
Peritoneum
Liver
Gallbladder 
Pancreas
Spleen
Stomach
Intestines
Kidneys
Ureters
Major blood vessels 
*Pelvic Portion-rectum, urinary bladder, and parts of the reproductive system.
A

Abdominal Cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q 
Pleural Membranes
Lungs
Trachea
Esophagus
Pericardium 
Heart and great vessels
A

Thoracic Cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The abdomen is divided into four clinical divisions called

A

Quadrants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Mastoid Tip

A

C1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Gonion(angle of the mandible)

A

C2,C3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Hyoid Bone

A

C3,C4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Thyroid Cartilage

A

C5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Vertebra Prominens

A

C7,T1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Approximately 2 inches (5cm) above level of the jugular notch

A

T1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Level of jugular notch; manubrial notch

A

T2,T3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Level of sternal angle

A

T4,T5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Level of the inferior angles of the scapulae

A

T7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Level of the xiphoid process

A

T9,T10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Inferior costal margin

A

L2,L3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Level of the superior most aspect of the iliac crests

A

L4,L5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Level of the anterior superior iliac spine(ASIS)

A

S1,S2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Level of the pubis symphysis and greater trachanters

A

Coccyx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Common variations in the shape of the human body.
Important in radiography because it determines the size, shape, and position of the organs of the thoracic and abdominal cavities.

A

Body habitus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Sthenic-50%
Hyposthenic-35%
Asthenic-10%
Hypersthenic-5%

A

Four major types of body habitus and the approximate frequencies in the population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Average person
Lungs: moderate length
Heart: moderately transverse
Diaphragm: moderately high
Stomach: high, upper left
Colon:spread evenly;slight dip in transverse colon
Gallbladder: centered on right side, upper abdomen

A

Sthenic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Between average and long/lanky patients.

Most difficult to classify

A

Hyposthenic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Long/lanky patient.
Lungs: long, apices above clavicles, may be broader above base.
Heart: nearly vertical and at midline
Diaphragm: low
Stomach: low and medial, in the pelvis when standing
Colon: low, folds on itself
Gallbladder: low and nearer the midline

A

Asthenic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Obese patient.
Lungs: short, apices at or near clavicles
Heart: axis nearly transverse
Diaphragm: high
Stomach: high, transverse, and in the middle
Colon: around periphery of abdomen
Gallbladder: high, outside, lies more parallel

A

Hypersthenic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Thorax:moderately short, broad and deep.
Build:moderately heavy
Abdomen: moderately long
Pelvis: relatively small

A

Sthenic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Thorax: long, shallow
Build: frail
Abdomen: short
Pelvis: wide

A

Asthenic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Thorax: short, broad, deep
Build: massive
Abdomen: Long
Pelvis: Narrow

A

Hypersthenic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q 
Attachment for muscles
Mechanical basis of movement 
Protection of internal organs 
A frame to support the body
Storage for calcium, phosphorous, and other salts
Production of red and white blood cells
A

Bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Supports and protects the head and trunk.

80 bones

A

Axial skeleton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Allows the body to move in various positions and from place to place.
126 bones

A

Appendicular Skeleton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Skull
Neck
Thorax
Vertebral Column

A

Axial skeleton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Shoulder girdle
Upper limbs
Lower limbs
Pelvis girdle

A

Appendicular skeleton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Strong, sense outer layer

A

Compact bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Inner portion of less dense bone

A

Spongy bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Produces red and white blood cells

A

Red marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Stores adipose(fat) cells

A

Yellow marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Contains trabeculae filled with yellow marrow.

Central Cavity in long bones

A

Medullary Cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

In long bones, this is concentrated at the ends of the bone and not in the medullary Cavity.

A

Red marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Covers all bony surfaces except the artificial surfaces, which can are by articular cartilage.

A

Periosteum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

The tissue lining the medullary Cavity of bones

A

Endosteum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Knoblike projections

A

Tubercules/Tuberosities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Blood vessels and nerves enter and exit the bone at the same point, through openings called

A

Foramina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Near the center of all long bones is an opening in the periosteum called

A

Nutrient Foramen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Term given to the development and formation of bones.

A

Ossification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

Bones begin to develop in the 2nd month of

A

Embryonic life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

Endochondral ossification occurs from two distinct centers of development called

A

Primary and secondary centers of ossification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

Primary ossification begins when?

A

Before birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

Secondary ossification occurs when?

A

After birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q 
Classified by shape. 
Long
Short
Flat
Irregular 
Sesamoid
A

Bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

Found only in the limbs.

Example: femur

A

Long Bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

Consist mainly of cancellous bone containing red marrow and have a thin outer layer of compact bone.
Example: carpals

A

Short bones

66
Q

Consist largely of two tables of compact bone.

Example: sternum, cranium, scapula

A

Flat bones

67
Q

Peculiar shapes and variety of forms do not place them in any other category.
Example: vertebrae, bones of face and pelvis

A

Irregular bones

68
Q

Small and oval

Example: patella

A

Sesamoid bone

69
Q

Study of joints

A

Arthrology

70
Q

Two classifications of joints described in anatomy books are

A

Functional and structural

71
Q

Immovable joints

A

Synarthroses

72
Q

Slightly movable

A

Amphiarthroses

73
Q

Freely movable

A

Diarthroses

74
Q

Syndesmosis(slightly movable)
Suture(immovable)
Gomphisis(immovable)

A

Fibrous joints

75
Q

Symphysis(slightly movable)

Synchondrosis(immovable)

A

Cartilaginous

76
Q 
Freely movable:
Gliding(Plane)
Hinge(Ginglymus)
Pivot(trochoid)
Ellipsoid(Condyloid)
Saddle(Sellar)
Ball and Socket(Spheroid)
A

Synovial

77
Q

Plane

A

Gliding

78
Q

Ginglymus

A

Hinge

79
Q

Trochoid

A

Pivot

80
Q

Condyloid

A

Ellipsoid

81
Q

Sellar

A

Saddle

82
Q

Sphenoid

A

Ball and socket

83
Q

Rounded process at an articular extremity

A

Condyle

84
Q

Beaklike or crownlike process

A

Coracoid/Coronoid

85
Q

Ridgelike process

A

Crest

86
Q

Projection above a condyle

A

Epicondyle

87
Q

Small, smooth-surfaced process for articulation with another structure

A

Facet

88
Q

Hook-shaped process

A

Hamulus

89
Q

Expanded end of a long bone

A

Head

90
Q

Hornlike process on a bone

A

Horn

91
Q

Less prominent ridge than a crest; a linear elevation

A

Line

92
Q

Club-shaped process

A

Malleolus

93
Q

Projecting part or prominence

A

Protuberance

94
Q

Sharp process

A

Spine

95
Q

Long, pointed process

A

Styloid

96
Q

Either of two large, rounded, and elevated processes (greater or major and lesser or minor) located at junction of neck and shaft of femur

A

Tranchanter

97
Q

Small, rounded, and elevated process

A

Tubercle

98
Q

Large, rounded, and elevated process

A

Tuberosity

99
Q

Cleft or deep groove

A

Fissure

100
Q

Hole in a bone for transmission of blood vessels and nerves

A

Foramen

101
Q

Pit, fovea, or hollow space

A

Fossa

102
Q

Shallow linear channel

A

Groove

103
Q

Tubelike passageway running within a bone

A

Meatus

104
Q

Indention into border of a bone

A

Notch

105
Q

Recess, groove, Cavity, or hollow space.

A

Sinus

106
Q

Furrow, trench, or fissurelike depression

A

Sulcus

107
Q

Fracture that does not break through the skin

A

Closed

108
Q

Serious fracture in which bones are not in anatomic alignment

A

Displaced

109
Q

Fracture in which bone retains its normal alignment

A

Nondisplaced

110
Q

Serious fracture in which broken bone or bones project through the skin

A

Open

111
Q

Refers to forward or front part of the body or forward part of an organ

A

Anterior(ventral)

112
Q

Refers to back part of body or organ(note, however, that the superior surface is the foot is referred to as the dorsal surface)

A

Posterior(dorsal)

113
Q

Refers to parts away from the head of the body

A

Caudad

114
Q

Refers to parts reword the head of the body

A

Cephalad

115
Q

Refers to nearer the feet of situated below

A

Inferior

116
Q

Refers to nearer the head or situated above

A

Superior

117
Q

Refers to middle area or main part of the organ

A

Central

118
Q

Refers to parts at or near the surface, edge, or outside of another body part

A

Peripheral

119
Q

Refers to part or parts on opposite sides of the body

A

Contralateral

120
Q

Refers to part or parts on the same side of body

A

Ipsilateral

121
Q

Refers to parts away from median Plane of body or away from the middle of another body part to the right or left

A

Lateral

122
Q

Refers to parts toward median Plane of body or toward the middle of another body part

A

Medial

123
Q

Refers to parts far from the surface

A

Deep

124
Q

Refers to parts near skin or surface

A

Superficial

125
Q

Refers to parts farthest from point of attachment, point of reference, origin, or beginning; away from center of the body

A

Distal

126
Q

Refers to parts nearer point of attachment, point of reference, origin, or beginning; toward center of the body

A

Proximal

127
Q

Refers to parts within or on the inside of an organ

A

Internal

128
Q

Refers to the wall or linking of a body Cavity

A

Parietal

129
Q

Refers to the covering of an organ

A

Visceral

130
Q

Refers to the top of anterior surface of the foot or to the back or posterior surface of the hand

A

Dorsum

131
Q

Refers to the palm of the hand

A

Palmar

132
Q

Refers to the sole of the foot

A

Plantar

133
Q

Refers to all projections in which the longitudinal angulation between the central ray and the long axis of the body is 10 degrees or more.

A

Axial

134
Q

Central ray is directed toward the outer margin of a curved body surface to profile a body part just under the surface and project it drew if superimposition

A

Tangential projection

135
Q

Erect or marked by a vertical position

A

Upright

136
Q

Upright position in which the patient is sitting on a chair or stool

A

Seated

137
Q

General term referring to lying down in any position

A

Recumbent

138
Q

Lying on the back

A

Supine

139
Q

Lying face down

A

Prone

140
Q

Supine position wth head titled downward

A

Trendelenburg position

141
Q

Supine position with head higher then feet

A

Fowler position

142
Q

Recumbent position with the patient lying on the left anterior side (semiprone) with left leg extended and right knee and thigh partially flexed

A

Sims position

143
Q

Supine position with knees and hip flexed and thighs abducted and rotated externally, supported by ankle or knee supports
Having a baby position

A

Lithotomy position

144
Q

Movement of a part away from the central axis of the body or body part

A

Abduct or abduction

145
Q

Movement of the body part toward the central axis of the body or body parts

A

Adduct or adduction

146
Q

Straightening of joint; when both elements of the joint are in the anatomic position, normal position of a joint

A

Extension

147
Q

Act of bending a joint; opposite of extension

A

Flexion

148
Q

Forced or excessive extension of limb or joints

A

Hyperextension

149
Q

Forces over flexion of a limb or joints

A

Hyper flexion

150
Q

Outward turning of the foot or ankle

A

Evert/Eversion

151
Q

Inward turning of the foot or the ankle

A

Invert/Inversion

152
Q

Rotation of the forearm so that the palm is down

A

Pronate/Pronation

153
Q

Rotation of the forearm so that the palm is up(in the anatomic position)

A

Supinate/Supination

154
Q

Turning or rotating of the body or a body part around its axis.

A

Rotate/Rotation

155
Q

Circular movement of a limb

A

Circumduction

156
Q

Tipping or slanting a body part slightly; in relation to the long axis of the body

A

Tilt

157
Q

Turning away from the regular standard or course

A

Deviation

158
Q

Flexion or bending of the foot toward the leg

A

Dorsiflexion

159
Q

Flexion or bending of the foot downward toward the sole

A

Plantar flexion

160
Q 
Old age
Pneumothorax
Emphysema
Emaciation
Degenerative Arthritis
Atrophy
A

Decrease kvp

161
Q 
Pneumonia 
Pleural Effusion
Hydrocephalus 
Enlarged Heart
Edema
Ascites
A

Increase kvp

Radiographic Procedures And Positioning (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions