Chapter 3

Question 1

Adaption

Answer 1

traits that allow a species to survive in its environment

Question 2

acclimation

Answer 2

an individual responding to the environment

Question 3

fitness

Answer 3

number offspring that live reproductive age

Question 4

Natural selection

Answer 4

process of the fittest individuals passing their traits to offspring more successfully than others

Question 5

Mutation

Answer 5

change in DNA

Question 6

evolution

Answer 6

change in % of a trait in a population

Question 7

Competitive exclusion principle

Answer 7

2 species can not occupy the same niche for long

Question 8

Speciation

Answer 8

formation of a new species

Question 9

directional selection

Answer 9

shift toward one extreme of a trait

Question 10

stabilizing selection

Answer 10

reducing variation in a trait

Question 11

disruptive selection

Answer 11

traits diverge to the extremes

Question 12

selection pressure

Answer 12

challenges for survival

Question 13

limiting factor

Answer 13

any factor in smallest supply to survive

Question 14

tolerance limits

Answer 14

minimum+maximum env. factors in which a species can survive

Question 15

habitat

Answer 15

a set of env. conditions in which an organism lives

Question 16

ecological niche

Answer 16

role played by a species in a biological community

Question 17

specialists

Answer 17

has narrow niche, very picky

Question 18

generalists

Answer 18

very wide niche

Question 19

edemic species

Answer 19

found exclusively in one habitat

Question 20

intraspecific competition

Answer 20

same species compete for mates, food, or habitat

Question 21

interspecific competition

Answer 21

different species compete

Question 22

Predation

Answer 22

feeding on another organism whether or not the prey dies

Question 23

coevolution

Answer 23

two species interact closely enough that their interaction depends closely on one another

Question 24

mutualism

Answer 24

both species benefit

Question 25

commensalism

Answer 25

one species benefits while the other is uneffected

Question 26

parasitism

Answer 26

one benefits while the other does not

Question 27

Keystone species

Answer 27

species that have a larger impact on their enviroment than their biomass predicts

Question 28

biotic potential

Answer 28

unrestrained biological reproduction

Question 29

exponential growth

Answer 29

growth without limits

Question 30

carrying capacity

Answer 30

number of animals that can be supported sustainably in certain area of habitat

Question 31

legistic growth

Answer 31

growth slows as the population approaches the carrying capacity

Question 32

disturbance

Answer 32

anything that causes a disturbance

Question 33

succession

Answer 33

a process where organisms occupy a cite then change the env to allow a different community to live there