Chapter 3

Question 1

An attribute about an individual that is protected under EEO laws and regulations.

Answer 1

Protected characteristic

Question 2

Employment that is not affected by illegal discrimination.

Answer 2

Equal employment opportunity

Question 3

A concept that emphasizes that differences among people should be ignored and everyone should be treated equally.

Answer 3

Status blind

Question 4

Occurs when members of a group are treated differently from others.

Answer 4

Disparate treatment

Question 5

Occurs when members of a protected category are substantially underrepresented as a result of employment decisions that work to their disadvantage.

Answer 5

Disparate impact

Question 6

A practice necessary for safe and efficient organizational operations.

Answer 6

Business necessity

Question 7

Characteristic providing a legitimate reason why an employer can exclude persons on otherwise illegal bases of consideration.

Answer 7

Bona fide occupational qualification (BFOQ)

Question 8

What individuals who file suit against employers must prove to establish that illegal discrimination has occurred.

Answer 8

Burden of proof

Question 9

Punitive actions taken by employers against individuals who exercise their legal rights.

Answer 9

Retaliation

Question 10

Proactive employment practices to make up for historical discrimination against women and minorities.

Answer 10

Affirmative action

Question 11

A document reporting on the composition of an employer’s workforce, required for federal contractors.

Answer 11

Affirmative action program (AAP)

Question 12

The idea that pay for jobs requiring comparable levels of knowledge, skill, and ability should be similar, even if actual duties differ significantly.

Answer 12

Pay equity

Question 13

Discriminatory practices that have prevented women and minorities from advancing to executive-level jobs.

Answer 13

Glass ceiling

Question 14

Practice of allowing relatives to work for the same employer.

Answer 14

Nepotism

Question 15

Actions that are sexually directed, are unwanted, and subject the worker to adverse employment conditions or create a hostile work environment.

Answer 15

Sexual harassment

Question 16

is harassment in which employment outcomes are linked to granting sexual favors.

Answer 16

Quid pro quo

Question 17

harassment exists when an individual’s work performance or psychological well-being is unreasonably affected by intimidating or offensive working conditions.

Answer 17

Hostile environment

Question 18

Someone who has a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits life activities, who has a record of such an impairment, or who is regarded as having such an impairment.

Answer 18

Disabled person

Question 19

Fundamental job duties.

Answer 19

Essential job functions

Question 20

A modification to a job or work environment that gives a qualified individual an equal employment opportunity to perform.

Answer 20

Reasonable accommodation

Question 21

Significant difficulty or expense imposed on an employer in making an accommodation for individuals with disabilities.

Answer 21

Undue hardship

Question 22

Approach in which employees gradually reduce their workloads and pay level.

Answer 22

Phased retirement

Question 23

Hatred or fear of Muslims.

Answer 23

Islamaphobia